Gardening at The Shambles

Plant Inventory

Introduction.

The inspiration for making inventories is not like that for football card collecting or train spotting. It is not about lists for lists sake. The variety and complexity of species, even in a domestic garden can increase over time and any gardener with a normal level of curiosity will start to look for gardening reference books, many of which organized to illustrate and identify plants. Making and organizing one’s own catalogue increases the efficiency of garden care by identifying various plant groups horticultural needs, identifying successful varieties for further collection and helps with the sharing of ideas and knowledge with others. Any plant inventory made today may become the scientific, historical and social research material of the future if steps are taken to disseminate the information and to preserve these lists.

As members of the Australian Garden History Society (Queensland) we have an interest in identifying not just important sites but also the great variety of plants relevant to the study of garden history. To that end we have trialled different versions of catalogues of our own garden plants in our first two books, “Over the Fence and Overlooked, Traditional Plants in Queensland’s Gardening Heritage”,2009. ISBN 978-1876344665 and “The Shambles, The Story of a Montville Garden”, 2007, ISBN 978-0980430400 and on our Website: www.montvillegarden.com . Copies of these beautiful books are available through our web site. These are joined by our latest book "Australian Gardens Making History, the Vital role of making and keeping Garden Inventorys",2010 ISBN 978-0-9804304-5-5.

In referring yet again to our modern living inventory as a basis for investigation of the heritage credentials of our common traditional garden plants, we recognize some advantages and obvious flaws in this type of descriptive study.An advantage is that we have a broad collection of common warm climate and temperate plants, certainly enough to start this sort of enquiry. Our list contains plants which are both familiar and useful to modern gardeners. Not all are easy to obtain.

We also point out some obvious limitations in our work. Our plant collection contains no water plants such as water lilies or lotus, has comparatively few succulents & cacti and these were popular with gardeners in the past. Our plant collection is ornamental rather than productive and therefore the enormous range of productive trees, vines, fruit, vegetables and herbs known by former generations of gardeners is limited in our inventory. Also any garden catalogue will  change with time and is similar to a snapshot of the garden at one time.For practical horticultural reasons our plant collection is based overwhelmingly on exotic rather than Australian species.

Our stimulus to undertake this study was not being able to find a readable Inventory which clearly and immediately offers the evidence of the bona fides of a plant which carry the “heritage” label in books and journals.

The Historic houses trust NSW does publish the Colonial Plants Data base at http://www.hht.net.au/research/colonial_plants which is an excellent resource but didn’t fulfill our need for comparison to Queensland resources.

Our method of inventory cross referencing will no doubt be incomplete in that it is difficult to be confident about of the identity of some plants because of uncertainty with synonyms, idiosyncratic spelling, changed scientific and common names over time, the free use of ‘common names’ and the vast variety within some plant groups.

The gardens of our forebears were not sepia tinted, transient or dull places. The following Inventory will show evidence that 19^th and early 20^th century domestic gardens were filled with vibrant colour, perfume and enormous variety of hardy reliable plants, under the same blue sub-tropical skies that we see out the window today.

 The Annotated References

Key for Notations:

“Catalogue of the Plants in the Queensland Botanic Gardens”, Walter Hill, Government Printer, Brisbane 1875.                            1. 1875 

“Catalogue of Plants in the two Metropolitan Gardens, The Brisbane Botanic Garden and Bowen Park (The Garden of the Queensland Acclimatization Society),Frederick Manson Bailey, Colonial Botonist, Government Printer, Brisbane 1885                                   1A.1885 

“Designed Landscapes in Queensland, 1859-1939”, Jean Sim, QUT, 1999, APPENDIX G, referred to the following:

“The Flower garden in Queensland, containing concise and practical instructions for the Cultivation of the flower garden. And the management of Pot Plants in Australia”, Albert Hockings, Slater & Co, Brisbane, 1875                                                                  2. 1875 

“Cultural Industries in Queensland: Papers on the Cultivation of Useful Plants suited to the climate of Queensland:their value as food, in the arts, and in medicine; and methods of Obtaining their products” Lewis Bernays, Government printer, Brisbane , 1883, (pp 201-207, The Shade of trees)                                                                     3.  1883  

“Tree Planting for Shade and Ornament: Suggestions for teachers and others interested in the Planting of Trees” Edward Shelton, Dept of Agriculture, Government Printer, Brisbane, Bulletin 17, 1892

List: Philip McMahon, Brisbane Botanic gardens Curator     4a  1892

        Ebenezer Cowley, Overseer, State Nursery, Kamerunga 4b  1892

        J S Edgar , Botanic gardens , Rockhampton                 4c   1892

        William Soutter, Manager , Acclimatization society       4d   1892 

“General Catalogue of Seeds, Plants, bulbs, Tubers, trees, Climbers, etc.” Samuel Eaves, Howard, printer, Brisbane, 1897             5    1897 

“Queenslander” under ‘Horticulture’ section ‘Shrubs’, William Soutter, 18/12/1897 pp 1181                                                             6    1897 

“General descriptive Catalogue for 1874, of Fruit trees, Shrubs, Ornamental and forest trees, Etc. etc” Charles Wyatt, Frogmore Nursery, Geelong 1874                                                           7    1874 

“1896 Catalogue of Flower roots”. Law, Somner & Co., Melbourne, 1896                                                                                     8   1896 

“Catalogue of Plants for Sale by Michael Guilfoyle” Exotic Nursery, Double bay, Sydney 1851                                                      9   1851 

“Catalogue of Plants for Sale at the Victoria Nursery, Richmond” George Brunning, Melbourne, 1855                                                  10  1855

“Report on the Progress and Condition of the Botanic Garden and Government Plantations, 1873”, R.Schomburgk, W.C.Cox: Government Printer, Adelaide, 1874                                                          11  1874  

“Botanic Gardens, Brisbane, Catalogue of Plants 1962”, Brisbane city Council, Brisbane, 1962                                                        12  1962 

“Federation Gardens: Plant lists, Compiled from Searl & Sons General Catalogue 1901, Seeds, Plants & Bulbs for Sydney; Pearce Bros.Descriptive Catalogue and Guide 1900; Robert Little & Co’s Catalogue of Flower seeds Sydney 1900: Rumsey’s 1882 Catalogue (Roses) Sydney 1882 www.heritage.nsw.gov.au 

13 1900/1                                                  

The Ninteenth Century was a period of great ornamental plant exploration and collection following on earlier exploration periods which had introduced potatos, tomatos, tea, coffee, tobacco, chocolate, spices and many other plant wonders to Europe. Within a year new plant species which had reached Europe from the Americas, China, India, the Pacific and Africa could reach Australian Botanists, collectors and Nurseries via fast mail steamers.

Schomburgk at Adelaide’s Botanic gardens writes, “In 1871 and 1872, 1479 species and last year 500 species of plant new to the garden, have been introduced and added since the publication of the catalogue, so that the whole collection comprises 8000 species, many of which are ornamental in character….” 11.1874. Schomburgk seems surprised and satisfied to report, “Among the working classes the taste for floriculture is more and more visible; and at our shows, under the class of cottagers, we notice specimen plants, remarkable for their healthy look and luxuriant growth” 11.1874.

For the sake of organization of new discovery, understanding plant relationships and identification, studying plant vigour and usefulness systematically our Victorian forebears created meticulous records of their newly acquired plants. We have the benefit of some of these today. Botanic and Acclimatization gardens were primarily established to improve and assist agriculture. In the earliest days of the colony of New South Wales and then after 1859, in Queensland, the demand to exchange and disperse new ornamental plants between the colonies and with Europe prospered, as evidenced by the above extensive inventories. The variety they contain is astonishing.

In the 21^st century there is an enormous practical benefit in recognising, preserving, collecting and recording the hardy traditional plants which have prospered in domestic Australian gardens over nearly the last two centuries. In our own inventory we hope to stimulate a greater interest in research into various models for writing readable inventories for current gardeners to record their collections for publication and future study.

Plant additions sept 2011

all from Kate Stock at Hunchy as cuttings

Salvia x hybrid 'Phyllis Fancy",   mauve and white from "Waverly"

Salvia x hybrid "Waverley"

Salvia involucrata hybrid "Romantic Rose"

Salvia hybrid (S. longispicata and S. farinacea) "Indigo Spires"

Tradescantia andersonia hybrid (purple flower)

Penstemon hybrid 

Tea Roses from cutting "Lady Hillingdon"              South garden

                                   " Rubens"  “Hay Valley Tea ROR” probably same as "Rose sold as Mme Hoste ROR". ... (usually sold as 'Rubens' or 'Mme Laurette Messimy', sometimes as “Octavus Weld"                         East Garden

                                   "Parks Yellow Tea Scented" “Rose sold as Parks’ Yellow Tea-scented China ROR” Syn “Pseudo Parks’ Yellow”. Non-recurrent climber. Sometimes incorrectly sold as ‘Hume’s Blush’. Not the real PY, but what is grown around the world as such; perhaps a Chinese garden hybrid. The real ‘Parks’ Yellow’ was a repeat-flowering small shrub. Wisteria trellis

Other roses from cutting "Safrano'                   Uniting Church

                                     "Carabella"                Uniting Church

                                     " Weeping Pink China" Montville Hall 

Plants as birthday gifts

Leptospermum "Naoko" L. flavescens 'Cardwell' x L.scoparium nana

Rhododendron indica "Alba magnifica'   from Montville Surgery. Jocelyn, Lisa, Carol and Carol and Serena.

Rhododendron indica "Mrs Kint"  from Eleanor , both Azaleas near                                                                      Cassiafistula

Camellia japonica "Emperor of Russia" variegated  Chris and Ed Donlen,  near drive

Magnolia grandiflora "Kay Parris" from Margaret and Jon Outridge, placed near Wisteria trellis

Dipladenia sanderi red,   from Mum and Dad near East boundary

Rhaphealepis indica "Springtime" from Mum and Dad near the stone circle

Calceolaria x hybrid yellow    from Paula and James, Hydrangea walk

Ornithogalum thyrsoides  hybrid "Chesapeake Starlight", one from Mum and Dad, one from Tracy and Chris Collie, East Garden

Shrub roses  "Make a Wish" Floribunda, Treloar  Michelle and Michael Johnston, path garden

                     "Paul Bocuse"  Guillot, France Ruth and Tom Moroney , south garden

                     "Lili Marlene" Floribunda Kordes 1959 Germany, from Eleanor, path garden.

Plant Inventory Addendum, april/may 2011. A testament to the fact that inventories are constantly changing. Here are some changes even before the document starts.

Additions.

 Alsobia 'Cygnet', a hybrid of A. dianthiflora and A. punctata low growing , trailing plant.  

Blechnum gibbum (Silver lady Fern)

Dendrobium moschatum yellow flowering orchid, South Asia

Heliconia stricta var 'Jamaican Dwarf'

Pedilanthus tithymaloides syn Euphorbia tithymalacoides (zig zag plant, devils backbone)

Euchomis comosa var. "Chocolate pineapple lily' South Africa Garden hybrid

Hibiscus mutabilis var. "Tony" single crimson 

Hydrangea macrophylla 'maiko'

Hydrangea macrophylla variegatum

Otocanthus caeruleus (Little Blue Boy, Brazilian Snapdragon)

Pandorea jasminoides variegatum 

Pandorea pandorana var. 'Golden Chimes'

Kays Apricot china rose may be Mme Jules Thibaud 

Camellia japonica 'Helenor' 

Camellia japonica 'Tabb' 

Camellia japonica  'Fimbriata'

Camellia japonica 'Great eastern' 

Trees removed or heavily reduced april/may 2011

Anona (Custard Apple) , overshaded in an area dominated by Red cedars and other trees 

Delonix regia (Poinciana) , very tall, brittle and has not flowered in 15 years. In an area already fully occupied by Brachychiton acerfolius, Bolly gum, Red cedar.

Tibouchina 'Noelene' An area to be redeveloped to illustrate Michelia and very old fashion Camelias with variegated or mottled flower patterns.

Some plantings added after June 2011

Magnolia x loebneri 'Merril'

Magnolia x ?soulangeana 'Nigra'

Lavandula multifida 'Spanish Eyes'

seedlings and sewn seed for Viola tricolor, Viola x wittrockiana, 'Patiola', Petunia hybrids, Dianthus barbutus, Allusum, Queen Annes Lace, 3 colour silverbeet, Cos lettuce, Borago officinalis,

Salvias, ‘The Shambles’ 2010

Of all the plants we have which are easy to grow, easy to propagate and freely give such wonderful colour in sun and shade the Salvias stand out. Most particularly we have found the tall growing perennial Salvias a wonderful asset when establishing a new garden.

For Salvias we refer to “The New book of Salvias” Betty Clebsch, Florilegium 2003 as well as Newsletters of the Salvia Study group, Victoria.

 The 1875 Brisbane Botanic Gardens Catalogue mentions Salvia azurea, S. coccinea, S. officinalis, S. patens, S. plebia, S. pratensis, S. afracanus and S. splendens. Many of the other perennial Salvias listed here were not mentioned in 19^th century catalogues and according to Clebsch (2003) were not in gardens until the 1980s. The 1962 Brisbane Botanical gardens Catalogue records Salvia argentea, S. azurea, S. farinacea, S involucrata, S. leucantha, S. patens and Salvia splendens as well as S. splendens variegated..note: The Brisbane 1885 Botanic and Acclimatization gardens included Salvia azurea, S.coccinea, S.fulgens, S.hoveyi, S.officinalis, S.patens and S.splendens.

PERENNIAL SALVIAS

Salvia"PURPLE MAJESTY". A tall plant with the classic square stems and large serated leaves. Flower spikes are Royal Purple throughout the year but mostly in the warmer months. North of the house, East boundary and in criss cross garden. 

Salvia "WAVERLEY" Medium sized reliable low maintenance plant. Flower spikes are mauve and white throughout Autumn, Spring and Summer.

Salvia "HUNTINGTON RED" Low growing and sprawling shrub with Crimson/red flowers.

Salvia involucrata hybrid"PINK ICICLES". Rangy lax shrub with tight large flowers of soft pink and white.

Salvia leucantha hybrid “VELOUR WHITE” White flowers on this variety.

SPECIES salvias

Salvia discolor   Black/green flowers on a lax low growing shrub with sticky grey foliage.Peru

Salvia guaranitica Tall spreading clumping shrub with clear Mid-Blue flower spikes.Tolerates shade.Brazil

Salvia coccinea bicolor, Low growing self seeding hardy short lived perennial. Both crimson red, white and pink types . Self seeding.USA1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 10.1855, 13.1900/1

Salvia coccinea “Sweet Laura” Resembling S.coccinea this garden hybrid obtained from ‘Grandma’s Garden’ nursery in SE Queensland.  

Salvia macrophylla Larger heart shaped leaves with spikes of mid-blue flowers in summer.USA

Salvia leucantha Medium sized perennial shrub with reliable Mauve, white or mauve and white flower spikes.Mexico 12.1962

Salvia gesnonifolia Tall rangy shrub with Red/Black flowers in loose splkes. Tolerates sun and part shade.Colombia

Salvia madrense  Very tall salvia with large leaves and square stems. The flowers are on long spikes of bright Yellow. Very tough and easy to care for but large dominating plant.Mexico

Salvia confertifolia Tall salvia with quite long spikes of small orange flowers.Brazil

Salvia rutilans syn. S.elegans. The Pineapple scented foliage is quite attractive . Small red flowers are bee attracting. North of house, near cloths line and rock circle garden. There is a close variant of this Salvia with more camphorated scent under the cloths line.Mexico

Salvia mexicana (?var. “Lollie Jackson”) Dark blue, Black flowers on a tall shrub with the classic square stems. Reliable easily struck from cutting. Along east boundary and near east tank. Mexico

Salvia splendens, (including var “Van Houteii”)    Variants of this Salvia in our garden include a cultivar with Magenta/red flowers, one with White flowers and Red with variegated foliage as well as one with White/Red. Brazil 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 10.1855, 12.1962, 13.1900/1

Salvia involucrata. Tall spreading lax shrub with round stems. Large Pink flowers which are quite closed. Easily grown from cutting tolerates sun and shade. Mexico 12.1962

Salvia involucrata. var “Bethellii” Tall free flowering shrub. Flowers better colour and form than Involucrata varieties. Mexico, hybrid.

Salvia Africana lutea. Low sprawling ground cover plant with grey foliage and Orange flowers. South Africa ?1.1875

Salvia iodantha Tall, spectacular shrub with clusters of magenta flowers at end of long arching stems. Mexico

Salvia miniata  Tall, apple green foliage, bright red flowers. Mexico

Salvia sclarea var. ‘Vatican White’, clump forming biennial, perennial white flowering sage Europe to Central Asia 

Salvia officinalis low growing culinary and medicinal sage Europe to central Asia 1.1875

RELIABLE "SALVIA"-LIKE PERENNIALS and HERBS, ‘The Shambles’

Hypoestes aristata. Reliable easy growing and quite tall plant with unusual twisting Mauve/Pink salvia like flowers appearing once a year in spring. Easy to strike from cutting, low maintenance. South Africa 1.1875

Pycnostachys urticifolia.  Tall easy to grow shrub with spires of bright Sky Blue flowers followed by sharp spiky seed structure. Easy to propagate tolerates all conditions. Southern Africa

Lepachinia salviae Medium to tall, lax shrub large arrow shaped grey leaves. Long pannicles of Mauve flowers in bells which do resemble Salvia. Chile 

Strobilanthes cusia. (Assam Indigo, Chinese rain bell) Tall, lax Salvia like shrub which then produces mauve/pink bell like flowers along a drooping stem. Tolerates dry shade when established. Asia.

Plectranthus ecklonii.  Tall, Salvia like shrub which produces pannicles of mauve, pink or white Salvia like flowers in summer. Easy to propagate and care for. South Africa 

Plectranthus ecklonii var. ‘Hawthorne Pink’  Tall salvia like perennial, pink flowering garden hybrid . Easy to grow from cutting, tolerates dry shade.

Aloysia triphylla,( Lemon scented Verbena) has delightful scented foliage and a  loose Salvia like form. These are slow to get going in our acidic soil. Chile- Argentina 1A.1885 (Lippia citriodora?), 6.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851, 10.1855, 13.1900/1 

Brillantasia subulugurica. Large leafed, lax shrub with mauve/Blue flowers reminiscent of a large Salvia. East Africa 

Ocimum gratissimum (perennial Basil). strongly aromatic herbaceous plant with spikes of Salvia like mauve/white flowers. Strikes easily from cutting. Aromatic like sweet Basil Ocimum basilicum but more camphorated.

This latter group of Salvia like shrubs have the qualities of ease of care and propagation whilst having interesting flowers or foliage scent.

BULBS, CORMS & RHIZOMES at “The Shambles” 2010

Our collection of these plants has built up, similar to other gardeners experience, because plants with underground storage organs are easily trasported and transplanted and shared. Our list contains common Queensland garden plants and is evidence of the enormous influence of South African plant collection on the modern ornamental plant range. 

Acanthus mollis (bear’s breeches) Low growing winter/dry dormant perennial producing tall flower spikes of mauve/brown and white. Shade tolerant. Extensively removed and replanted in this garden to restore vigour. 1A.1885, 11.1874

Acidanthera bicolor (peacock orchid), a reliable bulb in warm climates, summer flowering, dies down in winter. Naturalized in situ.Abyssinia, East Africa..

Agapanthus praecox  ( lilly of the nile) An evergreen, often used as a landscaping plant. Tall umbels with white, blue, dark blue standard and miniature flowers. Tolerates sun or shade. Southern Africa 1.1875 (A.umbellatus), 1A.1885 (A.umbellatus), 7.1897, 8.1896, 10.1855, 12.1962, 13.1900/1

Alstroemeria pulchellum Red and green ragged flowers on a naturalizing plant. Summer flowering, winter dormant. Brazil.1A.1885 (A.psittacina), 10.1855 

Alstroemeria hybrids (Princess lily) Summer flowering winter dormant, many flower colours available, most demonstrate decorative spots in flower throat. South America-Chile.1.1875 (4 species)

Amaryllis belladonna Pink and white flowering garden hybrid. Forms large clumps. 1.1875, 1A.1885,  7.1897, 8.1896, 10.1855 

Anenome (Windflower) Naturalizing winter dormant Anenome, white flowers. Resents prolonged wet weather, or drying out 7.1897, 8.1896, 10.1855

Colchicum autumnale  (crocus) May emerge from lawn and elsewhere after rain. In our area appear to ‘volunteer’ in many gardens, mostly pink. Europe, North Africa, Asia 1.1875, 8.1896

Canna x generalis ,(Indian Shot). there are pink, orange,salmon,yellow cream,red flowering Canna indica varieties and longitudinal variegated leaf forms. Some maintenance required as flower heads do not self clean. South America 1.1875 (C.indica), 1A.1885 (6 species),  7.1897 (C.gigantea, C.indica, C. limbata), 8.1896, 10.1855 (C.iridiflora, C.indica), 11.1874, 13.1900/1 (31 varieties). 

Crinum asiaticum (river lily) Large size and white flower attracts attention. Tropical Asia 1.1875 (11 species of crinum)

Crinum pendunculatum (spider lily) Tall stems beautiful white flowers. Low maintenance and evergreen. Australia 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 8, 1896

Crinum x ‘powellii’ Summer flowering Pink flowers, forms large clumps, evergreen. South Africa 1.1875 (11 species of crinum), 1A.1885 (C.moorei, amaenum) 

Crocosmia x crocosmiflora (Monbretia). Orange single flowers along a flower spike, established easily in drifts, totally reliable, sun or shade. Summer flowering, winter dormant. Naturalize in situ. South Africa 8.1896 (C.aurea, Montbrettia) 

Clivea miniata. An evergreen, often used in landscaping, reliable and colourful in shade with orange to cream flowering varieties , winter to spring, will tolerate dry shade. South Africa (syn.Imantophyllum) 1A.1885 

Clivea nobilis. Similar habit to C.miniata except for pendous orange flowers form. Africa 1A.1885 

Cyrtanthus spp (Ifafa lily) pretty cream or pink pendulous tubular flowers on strappy foliage. Winter dormant. Naturalize in situ.South Africa.1A.1885 

Dierama pulcherrimum (Fairy Bell) Strappy foliage, tall flowering stem produces hanging pink bells in summer. This plant is not doing well in our climate. 1A.1885 (Dierama pendula)

Dahlia x hybridum Dahlias of many garden variety forms from low growing singles in a variety colours to tall ‘cactus’ and ‘pom pom’ forms. Winter dormant- summer flowering. Naturalized in situ. Originally this plant species came from Mexico, South America. For more contact ‘The Queensland Dahlia Society inc’ 1.1875 (D.variabilis, 24 garden varieties), 1A.1885 (27 varieties), 7.1897, 8.1896, 10.1855 (6 varieties) www.gardenclubs.org.au

Dietes bicolor  syn moraea bicolor  yellow Iris like flowers in summer, tough strappy leaves. A common landscaping plant used in mass display South Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885,  8.1896

Dietes grandiflora syn Moraea compressa White/mauve iris flowers in summer, very tough plant in drifts throughout the garden. Very drought tolerant south Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885, 8.1896

Eucharis amazonica (Amazon lily) Lovely white pendulous flowers, on one of the most beautiful plants in our garden. South America 1A.1885, 8.1896, 13.1900/1 (E.grandiflora)

Freesia refracta alba , Freesia ‘Burgundian hybrids’, F. ‘Hernswood mixed’ Beautiful intensely fragrant flowers on a low growing plant. Winter dormant, spring-summer flowering. Naturalized in situ.South Africa-garden hybrids. 8.1896, 13.1900/1

Galtonia candicans ( White Summer hyacinthe) deciduous bulb, Tall growing with white flowers South Africa 13.1900/1

Haemanthus coccineus (blood lily), winter/dry dormant , globe of red flowers emerging in spring, after rain. 13.1900/1                                                                                 

Hemerocallis aurantica (Day lily) there are yellow, orange, cream and multicolor varieties from specialist suppliers. The names of all of our varieties have been lost from our records. Winter dormant, spring-summer flowering. Naturalized in situ. East Asia For more contact ‘The Brisbane Day-lily Society’ at www.gardenclubs.org.au 1.1875, 1A.1885 (H.fulva), 10.1855 (4 species ? varieties), 13.1900/1 (H.disticha, H.fulva, H.lilioasphedelus, H.middendorffii)

Hippeastrum equestra , Resilient bulb semi-dormant in winter, with large white/pink , orange  and striped red trumpet flowers emerging on tall stems in summer. Like Agapanthus these can be a permanent garden feature and low maintenance. Naturalized in situ. South America. 1.1875 ( H.breviflorum), 1A.1885 (H.breviflorum solandreflorum), 7.1897, 10.1855 (6 species), 13.1900/1 (H.puniceum)

Hippeastrum papilo (Butterfly amaryllis) Evergreen bulb, tall growing with complex flower colour Central America 

Hyacinthoides hispanica.(Spanish bluebell ) Winter dormant low growing plant with spikes of blue bell shaped flowers in spring.

Hymenocallis caribea. (white Spider lily). Charming and tough drift forming plant which can be used like Agapanthus as a landscaping plant in similar situations. South America (syn. Ismene festalis?) 1A.1885

Ipheion uniflorum low growing bulbous plant, winter dormant . small star shaped flowers of various colours in spring. 13.1900/1

The Brisbane 1885 reference 1A.1885 lists Iris germanica, longifolia, lusitanica, pumila, pseudocorus, susiana, xiphioides, xiphium.

Iris x hybrida, Iris germanica x pallida (tall bearded Iris) In our subtropical climate we have limited success with these very popular garden plants. Tall growing with strappy leaves and Flag/bearded Iris flowers of various colours. Europe-Turkey.1A.1885

Iris japonica (winter Iris ) lovely low growing, drift forming plant with pale blue flowers, with attractive spots and markings. Evergreen, winter-spring flowering. Japan-China 1.1875,

Jonquil “Soliel d’Or”, “Erlicheer”. Winter dormant, Spring flowering Jonquils reappear without being lifted in our subtropical garden. Double golden yellow, double white flowers on above-named garden varieties but a mysterious single white jonquil has appeared in their midst. Naturalized in situ. Europe-Asia- garden hybrids. 1.1875 (Jonquila), 8.1896, 13.1900/1 (Narcissus tazetta ‘Soliel d’or’)

Kniphofia aloides (Red hot poker) Our unnamed variety has tall orange/red “poker” flower spikes in summer while spreading to form an evergreen clump of spear shaped leaves. There are many Knophofia varieties available. South Africa (syn. Tritoma) 1A.1885 (K.uvaria)

Leucojum aestivum (Snowflakes) beautiful white bells on low growing plant. Winter dormant-spring flowering. Ideal for shady garden edges. Naturalized in situ. Southern Europe.1.1875 (2 species), 1A.1885, 8.1896, 13.1900/1 

Lilium formosanum (Taiwan lily) semi-deciduous tall growing lilium with pendulous white lilys in summer. This may naturalize in situ and become a ‘volunteer plant’ or a roadside weed. Taiwan.

Lilium longiflorum. (November lily) Winter dormant, tall lily with long white bells in November-december.  These do need staking to enjoy summer flower display. Naturalize in situ. Japan.1.1875, 7.1897 (‘lilium of all sorts’), 8.1896, 10.1855 (5 species), 13.1900/1

Liriope muscari.var. ‘Evergreen giant’, ‘Joy Mist’, ‘Samantha’. A common hardy low growing landscaping plants with strappy leaves. Subtle differences in the colour of flower spike  may be more noticed when drifts have formed. Evergreen Japan.1A.1885 (Liriope stricta)

Mirabilis jalapa. (4 O’clock plant). These tall winter dormant, summer flowering  plants have brightly coloured flowers which open in the afternoon. A clump can become quite dominating with an enormous underground tuber or rhizome. Colours vary through yello/oranges through to pink and mauve. Tropical North America. 1.1875 (4 var.), 1A.1885, 10.1855

Neomarica gracilis (walking Iris) An evergreen low growing plant with blue and white Iris flowers forming on a long blade like stem. These stem may then touch the ground to set roots and propagate the size of the clump, hence the common name. Brazil.1A.1885 (Marica northiana),8.1896 (syn. Marica coerules) 10.1855 (syn. Marica coerilla), 13.1900/1 (Neomarica caerulea)

Ornothogallum arabicum (Arabs eyes) Winter dormant, spring flowering bulb. White star shaped flowers with dark centre on a tall stem. Naturalized. South Africa. 1.1875,1A.1885,  7.1897, 8.1896, 10.1855, 13.1900/1

Phormium tenax var.‘Bronze Baby’ (New Zealand flax). These tall,tough plants have long bronze coloured leaf blades , seem reluctant to start in our often moist conditions on acidic soil. There are many foliage colour varieties of this common and popular landscaping plant. 1.1875 (3 var.),1A.1885 (2 var.) 10.1855

Proiphys cunninghamii (Brisbane Lily) Evergreen lily with white flowers. Queensland

Sprekelia formosissima (Jacobean lily), low growing deciduous bulb with complex orchid like red flowers Mexico. 1.1875, 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Strelitzia reginae (Bird of Paradise).A tall, tough, evergreen plant has long leaf blades and a remarkable orange/blue flower on a tall spike. Statuesque in a subtropical garden. South Africa.1.1875, 1A.1885, 12.1962, 13.1900/1

Tigridia parvonia (Jockey Cap Day lily) low growing deciduous bulb with brightly coloured spring flowers Mexico 13.1900/1

Tritonia crocata These winter dormant- spring flowering  bulbs have beautiful pink and white varieties in our garden. Although naturalized in site, they will certainly need division to bring back flowering . Plant resembling freesia in size and form. South Africa. 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 8.1896, 10.1855, 13.1900/1

Tulbaghia violacea (society garlic). A very reliable and pretty low growing plant which forms clumps which are easily divided for the front of beds or underplanting roses. There are a number of garden varieties including variegated leaf forms. Strong garlic odour to crushed foliage. South Africa 8.1896

Zantedeschia aethiopica var.“white arum”,“green goddess” These have been disappointing in our garden, probably because our wet times are interspersed with very dry periods when these plants get too dry. Also our soil is acidic which may have some bearing. South Africa

Zantedeschia (calla lily) The names of our varieties have been lost and our conditions do not seem to suit these otherwise beautiful flowering plants. Winter dormant, summer flowering South Africa- garden hybrids.13.1900/1

Zepharanthes candida (white rain lily) These reliable low growing plants reappear and flower during wet weather after many years. Western hemisphere. 1.1875, 1A.1885 , 13.1900/1 

Zepharanthes rosea syn. Habranthus robustus. Evergreen, as with the white rain lily beautiful pink trumpets appear over these low growing plants after rain. Self seed easily Argentina.1.1875 (Habranthus rosea) 8.1896 (Habranthus robustus), 13.1900/1

In the 19^th Century Botanic Gardens supplied Government agencies and others with plant material and Schomburgk in Adelaide reports his dispersement of 10,380 trees and shrubs in 1873-4 11.1874. Regarding the exchange of plant material with Australia’s new colonies Schomburgk in Adelaide describes the sources of his “Valuable gifts” as Dr Hooker, Kew, in London; Dr Scheffer, Buitenzorg, Java; Dr Regel, Imperial Botanic Garden, St.Petersburg; Dr Moore, Dublin; Dr Pasquale, Naples; and the Garden Directors at Capetown and Auckland. He also listed the Consul-General Alexandria in Egypt; Department of Agriculture, United States of America and the Directors of the Botanic Gardens in Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, then a list of Nurseries in Britain, France and Australia (including Queensland) 11.1874. He then describes dispatching wardian cases and seeds in exchange. 11.1874

Walter Hills extensive and detailed Catalogue of the Queensland Botanic Garden of 1875 demonstrates the abundance drawn together by early garden directors and domestic gardeners in the first century of European settlement in Australia. 1.1875

SHADE PLANTS  &  EPIPHYTES, GINGERS, FERNS & SUCCULENTS at “The Shambles” 2010

The title suggests a grab bag of all sorts of unrelated hardy ornamental and interesting plants. This is appropriate because many of these plants came to us as nameless foundlings, donated by enthusiastic friends and neighbours or seem to have brought themselves. The type of plant catalogued in this section often is found as the undemanding background and space filler of a garden in Queensland. Many caused excitement and curiosity to 19^th century plant hunters and gardeners but are ignored as ‘commonplace’ today. They persist because they are easy to transplant and share and often tolerant of neglect in a remnant garden.

Acalypha reptens. Low growing , groundcover plant with bright red catkins. India, Sri-Lankha, Malaysia.

Adiantum aesthiopicum  (common maiden hair fern) this delightful low growing fern does require moisture to look its best. There are a great many species of maiden hair or Adiantum ferns available. 1.1875 (13 species of Maidenhair, 4 Australian), 1A.1885 (12 species, 3 Australian), 7.1897, 11.1874, 13.1900/1

Aeonium Var. ‘Swartzkoff’ .Dramatic rosettes of black dark green leaves on a low growing succulent. Canary Islands-Mediterranean.

The 1885 Brisbane reference 1A.1885 lists Agave americana, filifera, glaucescens, heterocantha, ixtlioides, kirchovei, milleri, picta, potatorum, pugioniformis, rumphi, salmiana and A.xylonacantha

Agave attenuata  Large grey green rosettes of succulent leaves.. Drought tolerant with great structure and a traditional garden favourite, or garden survivor. Central Mexico.1.1875 (9 species of Agave)

Agave weberi (American Century plant) Rosettes of long succulent leaves, hard sharp terminal leaf spines.  Occasionally produces a very tall flower spike. Texas, mexico. 1.1875 (9 species of Agave incl A.americana), 9.1851

Alocasia cuprea (Elephant ears) Large spear or heart shaped leaves give this popular landscaping plant it’s name. A dramatic plant in a tropical, subtropical setting in semi-shade with adequate water Borneo.1A.1885

Alocasia macrorrhiza (cunjevoi) These appreciate some degree of moisture to demonstrate their large heart shaped leaves. They also are dappled shade lovers. South Asia (Giant Taro)-Australia (Cunjevoi). 1.1875 (10 species Alocasia incl A.macrorhiza), 1A.1885 (Colocasia macrorrhiza)

The Brisbane reference 1A.1885 lists Aloe arborescens, brevifolia, cooperi, dichotoma, glauca, grandidentata, humilis, inermis, mitriformis, plicatilis, saponaria, serrulata, vera and virens.

Aloe ferox (Tree aloe) Succulent spear shaped leaves. In our garden these have been  displayed  with Agaves , Kalanchoes, Sedum, Aeonium etc which has followed the example of early 20^th century planting fashion. Very attractive red flower spikes.South Africa. 1.1875 (A.arborescens), 1A.1885, 9.1851, 10.1855

Aloe vera Low growing spear shaped leaves, popular for use of gelatinous leaf extract as an external medication for skin complaints. North Africa, Mediterranean, Canary Islands.1A.1885

Anthurium spp Often has the role of the potted epiphytic indoor plant which produces brightly coloured flower. Grows easily in shade outdoors in our garden. We received one as a gift from mambers of the International Tropical Foliage and Garden Club when they visited ‘The Shambles’ for a meeting. Red or pink spathe tropical America 1.1875, 1A.1885 (16 species and hybrids).13.1900/1 (A.andreanum, crystallinum, cordifolium, scherzeranum, waracqueanum) 

Aglaonema marantifolium (Chinese lucky plant) Patterned foliage plant similar in appearance to Dieffenbachia. Understory plant 13.1900/1

Ardisia crenata Low growing shrub, small white flowers and clusters of decorative red berries. South America.1.1875 (A.cenulata), 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Asperdistra eliator (cast iron plant) Very much out of fashion but a tough foliage plant. Tolerant of dry shade, flood, fire and drought.Japan. 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Asplenium australasicum (birds nest fern) Dramatic long leaf blades, very successful as epiphyte and in ground under trees throughout most gardens where there is an adequate leaf litter and ground moisture. Australia 1.1875, (13 Asplenium spp), 1A.1885 (21 species, 9 Australian), 7.1897 

Begonias: Over 2000 species and varieties known. Discovered by Europeans in the Americas in the 17^th Century and with many of the best known species and varieties known after the mid 19^th century in Europe and then Australia.1A.1885 (16 species and varieties), 7.1897 (9 varieties)

Begonia coccinea (tree or Cane begonia) Tall growing begonia with serrated leaves and cluster of pink, crimson or white flowers . There are varieties with leaf patterns, spots or different leaf colours. Easy to strike from cutting. Brazil refer Queensland Begonia Society www.qcgc.net 1A.1885 (B.sanguinea)

Begonia fuchsioides Low growing begonia , arching canes with bright red fuchsia like flower clusters. New Grenada (discovered 1846) 1A.1885 (B.fuchsioides), 10.1855 (shrubby Begonia) 

Begonia luxurians (palm leaf Begonia) Tall rhizomatous begonia with palmate leaves Brazil 

Begonia rex Low growing Begonia noted for ornamental leaf patterns and borders. 1A.1885 

Begonia var. ‘Red dragon’ Rhizomatous begonia var. B.fuchsioides with erect growth and red flowers. Garden hybrid

Bromeliads: 1.1875 (Bromelia 4 spp, Aechmea 2 spp, Billbergia 6 spp, Vriesia 1 spp, Tillandsia 5 spp) 1A.1885 (Bromelia 1, Aechmea 2spp, Billbergia 5 spp, Pitcairnea 3 spp, Tillandsia 2 spp), 13.1900/1

Bromeliads : Neoregelia carolinae. Many varieties, very tough.

                     Aechmea fasciata (urnplant) pink inflouresence.

                     Billbergia nutans Interesting pendulous flowers 10.1855

                     Vrieia splendens (flaming sword)

                   Most Bromeliads in our garden are in the ground or tied on as epiphytes under trees. They have come to us as anonymous foundlings and all are unnamed varieties. For detailed information visit www.bromsqueensland.com (Bromeliad Society of Queensland).

Bryophyllum spp (mother of millions), Succulant with grey foliage, extremely hardy Africa, Madagascar 1A.1885

Bulbine frutescens (burn jelly plant) Low growing plant with long succulent leaves and yellow flowers on a tall stem. Ground covering. South East Africa

Calladium beautiful patterned heart shaped leaves. Requires moist soil. South America 1.1875 (33 species), 1A.1885 (24 species and Cultivars), 13.1900/1 

Calathea makoyana.(Zebra plant) Patterned foliage for shaded garden. tropical Americas 1.1875, 1A.1885, 13.1900/1 (5 species) 

Ceratostigma willmottiana (Chinese plumbago) Low growing trailing evergreen with bright blue single flowers in summer China. 1A.1885 (C.plumbainoides, Plumbago larpentae). 

Ceropegia woodii.(Chain of Hearts).Tiny glaucous leaves in chins, commonly used in hanging baskets. 

Chlorophytum (variegated and standard Spider Plant) reliable and tough in various locations, as a border plant in dry shade. Plantlets form at end of stems which propagate the clump laterally.South Africa 

Codiaeum variegatum (Croton).C. var. ‘Stoplight’, ‘Rina’,’Captain Kidd’ There are a large number of croton varieties based on leaf colour, pattern and form. These colourful plants continue to be very popular with gardeners and plant collectors. Pacific Islands, Malaysia, Australia 1.1875, 1A.1885 (Croton insularis, C.tiglium, Codlaeum variegatum 11 varieties), 5.1897

Coleus blumei syn. Solenostemnon spp These moisture loving tender perennials have lovely dramatic leaf colours and patterns. A golden yellow coleus is a great border but needs watering if in sun . Easily propagated from cutting and used as a potted specimen. Small blue flower spikes in summer should be removed to preserve plants shape. For more see webmaster@coleussociety.org Tropics Africa-Indonesia 1A.1885 (18 garden varieties). 13.1900/1

Cordyline petiolaris (broad leafed palm lily) Reliable semishade plant under trees. Various hybrids. trouble free tolerate dry shade.Eastern Australia

Cordyline terminalis Tall growing understory plant with many varieties based on leaf colour. There are varieties with red, burgundy, cream, brown solid or striped colour. A popular landscaping plant. Easily struck from stem cutting. Polynesian Islands 1.1875 (C.Australis, C.stricta), 1A.1885 (39 species and varieties)

The Brisbane reference 1A.1885 lists Cordylline albo-lineata, amabilis, australis, baptistii, belmoreana, brownii, chelsonii, congesta, cooperi, crispata, cunninghamii, duffei, ferea, gayii, gloriosa, goldieana, gracilis, guilfoylei, hendersonii, hybrida, indivisa, jaspidea, macarthuri, magnifica, Mrs.Hoskins, nigricans, patula, Queens Victoria, regina, robinsoniana,rubra, striatifolia, stricta, shepherdii, terminalis, turneri, wrightii, and youngii 

Costus amazonica variegata Soft stemmed clump forming plant with dramatic variegated foliage. Shade tolerant 1A.1885 (C.elegans, C.malorticanus,C.speciosus), 13.1900/1

Ctenanthe lubbersianna Tall stems with ovate leaf blades. Dramatic red flowers appear Brazil

1885 Brisbane Botanic and Acclimatization garden inventories list 18 Maranta species, 2 Calatheas, 3 Heliconias, 4 Alpineas,3 Costus 5 Kaempferia,2 Hedychium, 2 Zingiber and Stromanthe sanguinea . Tropical foliage plants are found throughout this Catalogue. 

Cyathea brownii (Norfolk Island Tree fern) 1A.1885 (C.dealbata, macarthurii, medullaris)

Cyathea cooperi (common tree fern) An iconic tall fern of warm climate gardens.These are sensitive to drying out during hot dry weather and favaour a shady positions Australia 1.1875

Curcuma x hybrid ‘Voodoo magic’  1.1875 (Curcuma spp),1A.1885

The 1885 Brisbane catalogue 1A.1885, lists Cymbidium albuciflorum, canaliculatum, eburneum, gigantium, speciosum and suave.13.1900/1

Cymbidium hybrids. Long strappy leaves, tall flower spikes some quite spectacular flower colour and patterns on flower tongue garden hybrid. Refer Queensland Orchid society. www.qos.org.au 

Cymbidium suave Beautiful long green flower spikes on epiphytic orchid with strappy leaves, spring flowering. These may be naturalized in a log or in cymbidium mixture in a pot .Australia 1A.1885

Davallia pyxidata (hares foot fern) Epiphytic fern which produces ‘hares foot’ rhizome or stem below the crown 1.1875 (5 other spp), 1A.1885 (12 species incl pyxidata) 

The 1885 Brisbane catalogue (1A.1885) lists 45 different Dendrobium species, most Australian. The list includes 3 varieties of Dendrobium bigibbum , the floral emblem of Queensland.

Dendrobium densiflorum orchid with long cascading chain of cream flower with golden yellow tongue. www.qos.org.au 1A.1885, 13.1900/1  

Dendrobium speciosum syn. Thelychiton speciosus  (King orchid or Rock Orchid) Spectacular flowering epiphytic orchid on rocks or in trees. Cascading spikes of flowers from cream through to yellow in spring. Australia  Refer www.qos.org.au 1.1875, 1A.1885 (D.speciosum var. delicatum, fusiforme, hillii, nitidum), 13.1900/1

Dendrobium nobile Reliable soft cane epiphytic orchids with flower colour from mauve, pink and white range. A trouble free orchid flowering in spring.India www.qos.org.au 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Dendrobium kingianum Epiphytic orchids with small flowers of mauve through to white depending on variety. Australia www.qos.org.au 1.1875, 1A.1885 (2 varieties). 

Dieffenbachia amoena (Dumbcane) a tall plant with decorative leaf pattern south America 1.1875, 1A.1885 (D.amabilis, baraquini, bausei, bowmanii, chelsonii, gigantia, lanceolata, leopoldi, pearcei, sequina, splendens, weirii). 13.1900/1 (6 species and varieties) 

Dichorisandra thyrsiflora (blue ginger lily) Tall shade tolerant plant with intense blue flowers. Not a ginger at all but a member of the tradescantia or ‘wandering jew’ family. Strikes easily from cutting. Brazil 1.1875, 1A.1885

Doodia aspera (Prickley fern) Australia 1A.1885

Dracaena deremensis var. longii Tall plant with long spear like leaves with pale marginal accent. A favourite in old gardens. Strikes easily from stem cuttings tropical Americas 1.1875 (24 Draecena spp), 1A.1885 (D.augustifolia, draco, rumphii), 10.1855 (D.Australis ?Cordylline, D.mutans),5.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Dracaena marginata Tall plant with long thin stiff leaves with longitudinal colour accents Tropical Americas 

Dracaena reflexa Tall lant with mid green strap like leaves recurved downward tropical Americas 

Epidendrum ibaguense (crucifix orchid) Orange, yellow, red and mauve forms of this tough sun tolerant epiphytic orchid. This plant is an old garden survivor and easy to propagate from offsets. Tropical Americas.

Evolvulus pilosus var. ‘Blue Eyes’ low growing groundcover plant Bright blue single flowers in summer. Tropical Africa.

Excoecaria cochinchinensis var. ‘Garden Clown’ Low growing plant with multicolour leaves, upper and reverse. In the same genus as the Milky mangrove,  

Ficus pumila (Creeping Fig) Clinging, wall covering climbing fig. Initially the leaves are quite small and the leaf cover is dense. Then as the fig gains altitude the leaves become larger. Can be invasive.Japan, China 

Hedychium Coronarium (white flowering ginger, Garland flower) Lovely perfumed flowers on a tall plant with large leaves. Shade tolerant. China. India 1.1875, 1A.1885,  7.1897 (?H.corymbosa), 8.1896, 13.1900/1 

Hedychium flavum (yellow ginger) Reliable in shade and forming large clumps with tall stems and large leaves. India 1.1875, 13.1900/1 

Heterocentron elegans (spanish shawl) pretty mauve flowers in spring on a low growing trailing or ground covering shade plant.Central America 1.1875, 7.1897 

Indigofera hirsuta ( False Indigo) Low growing herbaceous plant with attractive pink flowers. 1A.1885 

Kalanchoe Red, yellow, orange, and mauve forms on a low growing succulent which does best in sun, with free draining soil. Madagascar, Africa. 1A.1885 , 13.1900/1 

Monstera deliciosa A large leaf of perforated with oval windows, at times on quite a thick stemmed trailing or climbing plant. Edible fruit if used correctly Mexico-Central America 1.1875, 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Nandina domestica (Sacred Bamboo) delicate clump forming erect plant with red foliage in winter. Summer flowering China-Japan  1A.1885, 7.1897, 9.1851

Nephrolepis cordifolia (common fish bone fern) A common shade and dry tolerant fern. Does have weed potential. America 1.1875 (3 spp Nephrolepis), 7.1897

The 1885 Brisbane reference 1A.1885, lists Oncidium cucllatum, lanccanum, papilio, ornithorhynchum, pulvinatum and vericosum. 

Oncidium varicosum var. ‘Dancing Lady’  Epiphytic orchid with beautiful sprays of yellow orchid flowers in spring www.qos.org.au 1A.1885. 13.1900/1

Ophiopogon japonicus (Mondo Grass). Well known in landscaping, low growing tuft forming evergreen plant. Shade and drought tolerant. 1A.1885, 13.1900/1 (O.jaburan)

Paphiopedalum insigne (slipper orchid) www.qos.org.au 13.1900/1 

Philodendron (elephants ears) Large dramatic leaves , tolerates shade but requires some moisture. 1.1875 (P.tripartitum), 1A.1885 (P.carderi,crinipes, erubescens, imbe, melanochysum), 13.1900/1 

Platycerium bifurcatum (elkhorn) large epiphytic fern with shield which adheres to tree trunks or walls Australia 1.1875 (P.alicorne), 1A.1885 (P.aleicorne) 

Platycerium superbum (Stag horn) Large epiphytic fern with shield which adheres to trees . Spectaular high in trees or understory fern Australia 1.1875 (P.grande), 1A.1885 (P.grande) 

Plectranthus 3 species in Brisbane Botanic Gardens 1875. Plectranthus congestus, P longicornus and P. parviflorus.1A.1885 (Plectranthus congestus, parviflorus).

Plectranthus oertendahlii  (standard and variegated varieties) creeping groundcover with small white flowers, mainly in shady areas Brazil 

Plectranthus saccatus  striking blue flowers on a tough low shrub. Reliable. Will self seed. Great colour in the shade South Africa

Plectranthus saccatus x hilliardiae ‘cape Angels’  ‘Mona Lavender’, white and pink flowering. Reliable low shrub, shade tolerant, easily struck from cutting. Garden hybrid 

Porphyrocoma pohliana low growing plant, patterned vein on leaf, terminal spike burgundy/purple flower 13.1900/1

Portulacaria afra (Jade plant) Old fashioned succulent plant with lozenge shaped leaves. South Africa 

Sanchezia speciosa Tall erect shrub with colourful leaves contrasting in mid rib and veins. Tolerates shade. Equador 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Sansevieria spp (Mother in Law’s tongue).Tough spear shaped leaves on a very hardy plant with attractive variegated green leaf colour 1.1875, 1A.1885 (6 species S.capensis, cylindrica, fuscocinata. Guinaensis, javanica, zeylandica), 13.1900/1

Saintpaulia ionantha (African Violet) low growing clump forming plant with glaucous leaves and deep violet flower Africa 13.1900/1 

Schlumbergera truncata (zygocactus) A reliable cascading low plant with brightly coloured flowers in pink or white colours. Often used as a potted plant or in hanging basket.South American jungles 1A.1885

Setcreasea purpurea (Moses in the basket) Strong purple foliage colour in a low growing sprawling plant. Pink flowers. Mexico 13.1900/1 (Rhoeo spathacea)

Spathiphyllum (peace lily) White spathes rise from this shade loving understory plant.Central and South America

Strobilanthes cusia syn.S.flaccidifolius Tall lax plant ,spring flowering with pendulous crimson bells. Needs moisture to establish China.

Stromanthe sanguinea Clump forming plant with large dramatic ovate leaves of red, cream and green variegation. Shade tolerant. 1A.1885

Syngonium podophyllum Creeping plant with spear shaped pale green leaves . Clings to surfaces including trees. May form a ground covering mat. Central America 1A.1885 (s.auritum)

Tradescantia spp (see Zebrina)

Viola odorata (violet) Low growing creeping evergreen with perfumed violets held on erect stems. 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897 (violas ‘of sorts’)

Zebrina pendula syn Tradescantia variegate  (wandering Jew). Longitudinal striped patterned leaf on soft stemmed creeping plant related to tradescantia.1A.1885, 10.1855

SHRUBS WHICH ARE FOUND AT ‘THE SHAMBLES’ 2010

Ornamental garden shrubs have presumed to be the chief topic of conversation, the focus of design and the plants which create the gardeners ‘piece de resistance’ in many places. For collectors some types of shrub have created fascination and even obsession. ‘Old Fashioned’ or traditional may be labels worn with pride by some of the plants from our collection because long lived garden survivor shrubs were the inspiration for our own garden. We are sure that others will have a similar experience of these very rewarding plants.

Abelia grandifolia ,standard and Var. ‘Francis Mason’. A beautiful and tough lax shrub,  Easy to strike from cutting. Small white pendulous flowers in summer China. 1.1875 (3 species), 1A.1885 (A.rupestrus, A.uniflora), 7.1897 (A.uniflora)

Abelia floribunda, lax arching shrub with clusters of pendulous pink flowers in spring-summer. Mexico 1.1875, 9.1851

Abutilon (17species) described in Brisbane Botanic Gardens 1875 incl A.striatum,A.bedfordianum, A.venosum, A.vtaefolium.1.1875,Abutilons also in ref 6.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851( A.venosum,A.richardii, A.devonianum, A.striatum, A.nitidifolium, A.bedfordianum)

Abutilon x hybridum (bell flower) var. ‘Orange Cascade’, “Golden Fleece’, ‘Nabob’(red), ‘Canary bird’ and ‘Cerise Queen’ with orange, yellow, red, yellow, pink and also white flowers in our garden. These are evergreen, summer flowering and very tolerant of dry shade and require pruning to shape. Other hybrids including ‘Bella select’ suntense, pictum types are collected.

Abutilon. x hybridum  A group of hybrids between A. darwinii and A. striatum. All have softly hairy, lobed leaves and bell-shaped flowers with incurving petals.

A. megapotamicum (meg-ah-pot-ah' mi-cum)-- Native to southern Brazil and Uruguay, where it grows to 8'. Flowers are small, yellow, and pendant, with a large red calyx. x milleri  long, narrow leaves and pale orange flowers with red calyces.

A. pictum  Native to Brazil. Leaves toothed and 3, 5, or 7 lobed. Similar to a Japanese maple. Flowers have protruding stamens, with orange-yellow petals that are veined with dark crimson.

A. x suntense - A cross between to native Chilean species, A. vitifolium and A. ochsenii. It is a medium shrub with mauve or white flowers.

A. venosum - Native to Brazil, with 5-7 lobed leaves like a Japanese maple. Flowers are orange-yellow and veined with brown.

Abutilon x hybridum (double pink bell flower). Double pink almost peonie form flower on standard Abutilon foliage shrub. Garden hybrid 1A.1885 (Abutilon ‘Chinese Lantern’ (20 different species and varieties)

Abutilon x hybridum variegatum ‘Souvenir de Bonn’ (variegated leaf bell blower). Pretty variegated foliage, an unspectacular dull orange/pink flower.Garden hybrid

Abutilon megapotamicum variegatum.  small pendulous yelloy/red flowers with black stamens, on low growing untidy shrub with variegated leaves. Very reliable in dry shade. Garden hybrid 

Abutilon magapotamicam var ‘Red Goblin’ and standard orange varieties. Fairly tall, lax shrub, evergreen, flowers continually in dry shade. Sun tolerant garden hybrid.

Acalypha wilkesiana var. “firestorm” Always reliable in subtropical conditions as a colourful variegated foliage plant for hedging and background. Fiji, Pacific Islands 1.1875 (3 spp), 1A.1885 (copper leaf), 6.1897, 13.1900/1

Alternanthera dentata, Alternanthera var “Island Sunset”. Tough low growing shrub with striking dark burgundy/red foliage, self seeds, responds to pruning. Will grow in sun or shade. Central and South America 1.1875, 1A.1885 (5 spp), 5.1897

Azalea (Rhododendron indica, R.kurume). Once established these traditional slow growing shrubs will survive for decades rewarding with a display of spring flowers which cover each bush. Foliage is prone to mite damage. In our own garden many plants were lost in their early stage if the roots dried out in drought. Also the identification of some of our own hybrids is lost. 1.1875 (11 varieties incl. exquista, splendens, 4 other species), 1A.1885 (19 varieties incl. exquisite), 9.1851 (exquisite, purpurea), 10.1855, 13.1900/1 (73 var.)

Our named ‘sun hardy’ Azaleas include “Magnifica” (mauve)

                                               “Exquisite” (pink)

                                                  “Kirin” (pink)   

                                               “Coral wings” (pink)

                                               “Red wing” (crimson/red)

                                               “Fielders White” (white) 

                                               “James Belton”

                                               “Rosa Belton”  (white/pink)     

                                               “Anna Kehr” (white/pink)

                                                  “Happy Days” (mauve)

Azaleas from temperate Asia, garden hybrids “Southern indica” refers to sun tolerant Azaleas as will grow in southern USA. Rhododendron species introduced to Europe during late 18^th century to mid 19^th century period, and in Australia from that time.

Barleria cristata.Barleria var. “jet streak”, var. “purple dazzler” (Phillipine violet). Tough attractive shrub, Mauve flowers, ‘jet streak’ flowers streaked mauve and white. Strikes easily from cutting, tolerates sun and dry shade. Southern Asia 1.1875 (4 spp incl. B.cristata), 1A.1885, 7.1897 

Barleria repens var. ‘orange bugle’ (coral creeper) trailing plant or ground cover with orange flowers. May climb through other shrubs to spread over some distance. South Africa

Bauhinia corymbosa Low scrambling plant Attractive flowers and foliage both of small size. Can be spectacular cover over a fence or embankment. South East Asia ?1.1875 (9 species Bauhinea), 1A.1885 (Bauhinia corymbosa).

Brugmansia found in the following references: 1.1875 (4 species), 1A.1885 (B.suaveolens, knightii,sanguinea), 6.1897,7.1897 (B.arborea), 9.1851 (B.arborea white, B.bicolor, B.knightii double white), 10.1855 (B.arborea)

Brugmansia x candida  aurea (yellow angels trumpet) Tall growing, brittle stemmed untidy shrub with large spectacular yellow trumpet shaped flowers. All parts of the plant are poisonous, grows easily from cutting. South America 

Brugmansia candida (aurea x versicolor) rosea tall brittle shrub or small tree (pink angels trumpet). All Brugmansias are poisonous containing alkaloids hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine like activity. South America

Brugmansia versicolor tall brittle shrub or small tree(apricot and white/double white angels trumpet) Toxic. South America

Brugmansia aurea culebra (Handkerchief Brugmansia), long thin leaves with pendulous white flowers on a rare variety of angels trumpet. South America

Brunfelsia americana yellow/white tubular Flowers forming medium sized shrub. Flowers change from one colour to the other and carry both at the same time. Central and South America 1.1875, 1A.1885

Brunfelsia latifolia syn Francisia latifolia (‘yesterday, today and tomorrow’) Spectacular as mauve tubular flowers change to white, with both carried at the same time in spring , spot flowering at other times. Perfumed, forms a large shrub, may be used for hedging. Central and South America) 1.1875 (Francisia latifolia), 1A.1885, 6.1897, 9.1851

Brunfelsia pauciflora syn. Brunfelsia eximia Larger tubular flowers in mauve, then white and larger leaves than B.latifolia, without perfume. Brazil 1.1875 (Francisia excimia), 1A.1885

Brunfelsia lactea White tubular flowers, not yellow as the name suggests with striking almost black new foliage. Puerto Rico 1.1875 (Francisia uniflora), 1A.1885 (B.uniflora), 10.1855 (F.uniflora)

Buddleja found in the following references:1.1875 (6 species), 1A.1885 (lindleyana, madagascariensis, saligna), 9.1851 (B heterophylla, B.hybrida 2 types, B.paniculata) 

Buddleja davidii .White, traditional mauve, purple hybrids are available.  Beautiful terminal clusters of tiny tubular flowers which have a heavy perfume. The shrubs can become tall lax and untidy. Easily struck from cutting China 

Buddleja var. ‘Wattlebird’ A tall lax Buddleja with long racemes of yellow flowers. Garden hybrid

Buddleja kewensis syn. Buddleja colvilei. Vigorous shrub long racemes white flowers.

Buddleia salvifolia lovely large shrub or brittle small tree. Strongly perfumed grey/blue flower spikes in spring. This is an outstanding old fashioned Buddleja China 1.1875, 7.1897 (B.salicifolia), 9.1851

Camellia sasanqua. A list of named varieties at “the Shambles’ is as follows. Most are modern hybrids. Autumn winter flowering, Japan-garden hybrids. see Queensland Camellia Society www.camellia.org.au

The study of European and therefore Australian garden fashion in Camellias is one of ebb and flow. Camellias were made popular again by the work of Professor Waterhouse at ‘Erydene’ in Sydney from the 1930s. 1.1875 (1 sasanqua, 1 reticulata), 9.1851

 Our list of Sasanqua hybrids:  

“Beatrice Emily” (pale pink)

    “Donna Herziliade Freitas Magalhaes” (Mauve double)

    “Hiryu” (bright pink)                  

    “Scentsation” (demi-tasse, hybrid white/pink with faint perfume)

    “Plantation pink” (pale pink)

    “Showa-no sakae” (double white, mauve border)

    “Yuletide” (single red)

    “Sayonara” (double pink)

    “Edna Butler” (single pale pink)

    “Dazzler” (crimson pink)

    “Red Willow” (single crimson/pink)

    “Setsugekka” (white semidouble)

    “Vanity Fair” (crimson pink).

    “Cherilyn” (crimson pink)  

    “Mignonne” (small rosiform pink flowers)

Camellia x  vernalis (white/pink flowers)

      “Star above Star” (white/pink)

Camellia japonica  Winter-spring flowering. China, Korea, Japan. 1.1875 (26 varieties incl ‘Aspasia’), 1.1885 (27 varieties), 7.1897 (45 varieties incl.’Aspasia’), 9.1851 (37 varieties), 10.1855 (35 varieties)

The very old camellias in the Government House grounds in Sydney are believed to be early stock brought from Camden Park. These early Macarthur varieties include Camellia japonica, Cleopatra 1849, Helenor 1848, Tabbs 1866, Great Eastern 1872 and Prince Frederick William 1872. There are also two early Camellia sasanqua varieties Mine No Yuki and Setsugekka 1898 Japan. At Government House there are also pre 1900 imported varieties, including Coccinea (1819), Paolina Maggi (1855 Italy), Prince Eugene Napoleon (1859 Belgium), Shiragiku (1861 Japan), Speciosissima (1861 England), Roma Risorta (1866 Italy), Rubescens Major (1886 France), and La Pace Rubra (1892)

 A list of Japonicas at ‘The Shambles’ appears to have one old MacArthur Aspasia type and ‘setsugekka’            

     “Blood of China” (Crimson red double)

     “Commander Mullroy” (formal double white)                          

     “Brushfield Yellow” (double cream to yellow)    

     “Takanini” (double red)

      “Kamo-Hon Ami” (single white)

     “Tama-no-yura” (red with white border)

      “The Czar” variegated (red/white)

      “William Bull” variegated (pink/white)

      “R L Wheeler” variegated (red/white double)

      “Aspasia MacArthur” small tree with streaked pink/white double    flowers

Species Camellias.

Camellia chinensis. A robust shrub ,single white flowers, the Tea plant of china, known to Europeans since the 18^th Century. Once no longer under Chinese control colonial powers introduced C.chinensis in India, Ceylon and southern Asia to establish tea plantations. China 1.1875 (Thea bohea 3 varieties), 1A.1885 (Thea, Thea assamica), 7.1897 (T.bohea), 9.1851 (T.viridis), 13.1900/1

Camellia chinensis rosea. Pink flowering tea plant with darker new foliage. China, hybrid

Camellia crapnelliana, Vigorous tall growing shrub, slow to produce but has flowered in our climate. Discovered in the 1950s Hong Kong

Camellia grijsii .vigourous shrub, generous small, single, white flowers China  

Camellia lutchuensis. vigorous tall, arching shrub with tiny white perfumed flowers tinged with pink South East China 

Camellia rosiflora small pink rose like flowers, compact shrub Southern Asia. 

Camellia nitidissima chrysora Vigorous shrub with yellow flowers in autumn. Of interest as Camellias in general only produce flowers in the white through to red range. Southern China, North Vietnam 

Calliandra haematocephela (pink) Tough self seeding shrub producing pink powderfuff like flowers in summer. Caribbean, South America 1A.1885

Calliandra portoricencis (white) Tall growing Calliandra with white powderfuff like flowers at the end of the day in summer. Caribbean, South America 

Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii (beauty berry) sprawling lax shrub which produces tiny pink flowers in summer, then most notably shiny purple berry clusters. China 1.1875 (C.purpurea and 4 other spp), 1A.1885 (pedunculata, cana ), 9.1851 (C.cana-dentata) 

Centradenia grandiflora fantastic cover for embankments.Crimson/purple flowers, can be vulnerable to dry but reliable once established.Mexico 

Cestrum purpurea tough, tall dense clump forming shrub which produces tubular purple flowers at the end of stems n summer and autumn. Crushed foliage has odour. There are a number of Cestrum species available as garden specimens Mexico 1,1875 (6 species), 1A.1885 (5 species), 7.1897 (3 species)

Chaenomeles speciosa japonica  var. ‘Apple Blossom’,var. ‘simmonii’ (deep red). Deciduous, thorny ornamental quince shrub, spring flowering. China 

Clerodendrum (Clerodendron): 1.1875 (5 species), 1A.1885 (10spp cunninghamii, fallax, floribunda, fragrans, inerme, nutans, rumphiana, splendens, thompsonae, tomentosa), 5.1897 (Bushy Clerodendron), 6.1897, 9.1851 (8 species) 13.1900/1

Clerodendrum bungei Beautiful pink hydrangea like flower heads, summer and autumn on an invasive spreading shrub. Crushed foliage smells like burnt oil. Does not tolerate drying out. Dormant in winter or in dry weather China

Clerodendrum nutans Pendulous white flowers on a sparse upright arching shrub. The flowers while small are quite beautiful in complexity. Dormant in winter or in dry weather. South East Asia 1.1875, 1A.1885,  6.1897, 9.1851 

Clerodendrum ugandense syn. C.myricoides (blue butterfly bush) beautiful pale blue butterfly shaped flowers on a tall lax shrub. Kenya, Uganda  

Clerodendrum speciocissimum (pink/mauve bleeding heart) Twining shrub, climber with pink/mauve flowers/bracts.Tropical Africa, Java 1A.1885 (Clerodendron fallax).

Cordia boissieri (Texas olive) Slow growing shrub to small tree. Repeat flowers most of the year when established. planted 2011. Texas, Mexico 

Cytisus racemosa “dwarf yellow broom” low growing shrub with yellow/green flowers. Canary islands 1.1875, 7.1897 (C.laburnum? and 4 spp), 10.1855

Cuphea compacta established as an edging plant throughout the garden. Low growing, mauve flowers, self seeds. Mexico 1A.1885 (C.jorullensis?), 9.1851, 10. 1855 (4 species Cuphea)

Cuphea ignea (cigarette bush) Tough low shrub with crimson/red tubular flowers Mexico 1A.1885, 9.1851 (C.platycentra),10.1855 (C.platycentra),7.1897 (2 species), 6.1897 ,13.1900/1 

Dahlia imperialis (Tree dahlia) Very tall canes with double white, single white or pink flowers. Strikes from laying down cut canes.Central America 1.1875, 1A.1885

Deutzia  gracilis  Lax arching low deciduous shrub with pink flowers appearing along stems. Japan 1.1875 (3 deutzia species), 1A.1885 (3 species crenata, gracilis, scabra),  6.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851

Dianthera nodosa syn. Justicia nodosa  Beautiful if sparse pendulous shrub with pink flowers. Easily struck from cutting. Brazil

Dichorisandra thyriflora ( blue flowering ginger lily) forms tall clumps, beautiful mid blue flowers. Tropical Americas 

Dombeya tiliacea   Abutilon like (maple like) large leaves, single white pendulous flowers, upright shrub. Very vigourous Africa 1.1875 (D.tiliafolia), 1A.1885 (5 species), 6.1897 (D.floribunda)

Duranta repens. D.repens var. “Geisha girl”, “Sheenas gold”. In spite of improvement in popular named varieties these large vigourous shrubs can dominate and become invasive in a warm climate. Caribbean, Central America 1.1875 (D.plumieri), 1A.1885 (plumierii, baumgartii), 5.1897, 7.1897 (D.plumneri), 9.1851.

Echium candicans Moderate sized biennial with grey foliage and tall spikes of blue flowers. Spring-summer flowering Canary Islands 9.1851 (E.fruticosum) 

Eranthemum pulchellum. Lovely sky blue single flowers for a short time in spring. An unspectacular low growing shrub for the rest of the year. India 1.1875 (13 species Eranthemum), 1A.1885

Escallonia macarantha (pink) Beautiful foliage of shiny small ovate leaves, sprawling shrub. Bright crimson flowers in summer on ours but other varieties available. South America 7.1897 (4 species), 1A.1885 (macrantha, montevidensis, rubra),   9.1851 (4 species),10.1855 (E.rubra)

Eupatorium megalophyllum syn. Bartlettina sordida (blue mist flower) Tall growing shrub, large velvety leaves and heads of blue flowers in spring. Easily struck from cutting Mexico 1A.1885 (2 species),7.1897 (E.riparium)

Euphorbia cotinifolia Along with Alternanthera these deciduous upright shrubs give burgundy/ red foliage accent in the warm climate garden.garden. Easily struck from cutting. Has irritant latex if cut. Africa

Euphorbia leucocephalum (snow flake) spectacular white flower bracts ,then goes bare in spring, before new leaves appear. Africa

Euphorbia milii Low growing shrub with sharp thorns along vertical angular stems. Irritant latex, terminal coloured bracts. Madagascar 1.1875. 1A.1885 (E.bojeri)

1A.1885 Brisbane lists Euphorbia andrinoides, australia, bojeri, canariensis, fulgens, neriifolia, peplus, pilulifera, pulcherrima.

Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia) A common garden shrub , tall growing with brightly coloured bracts of red (most famously), pink or cream. Irritant latex. Deciduous. Mexico 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897 (E.splendens), 9.1851 (Poinsettia pulcherima) 

Ervatamia coronarium  syn. Tabernaemontana divaricata (carnation of India) evergreen shrub with fragrant white flowers. India, cultivated in Pakistan 1A.1885 (Tabernaemontana coronaria), 13.1900/1

Exochorda x macarantha “the bride” (Pearl Bush) Out of  zone but able to establish in our subtropical climate , beautiful white flowers on a lax shrub. Garden hybrid- East Asia (syn.Spiraea grandiflora) 

Fuchsia x hybridum, F x hybridum var.”Fascination”, “Thalia” Lax shrub Fuchsias apparently struggle in our subtropical, often wet garden, with acid soil. Over a hundred Fuchsia species have been described, known by Europenas since the 18^th Century. Tropical Americas. Refer Australian Fuchsia Society. www.fuchsia.org.au 1A.1885 (20 garden varieties),7.1897 (30 varieties), 9.1851 (varieties), 10.1855 (29 species and varieties)

Early Australian gardeners had access to new varieties within about a year of their European release and by the 1880s Australian catalogues listed over 400 cultivars of Fuchsia.

Fuchsia majellanica Reliable, low growing, small flowering twiggy sub-shrub.  Tropical Americas

Fuchsia arborescens  (Lilac Fuchsia, Tree Fuchsia) Mid sized shrub with tiny pink flowers in clusters. Tropical Americas, Mexico

Gardenia augusta syn. Gardenia jasminoides var. ‘florida’  “Magnifica”, “gold magic”. Glossy evergreen shrub with beautifully perfumed double white flowers. “Gold Magic” the flowers alter to yellow then ‘gold’ with variable effect. Prone to scale and mineral deficiency without maintenance. Southern China, Japan, Garden hybrids 1.1875 (17 species,2 varieties G.florida), 1A.1885 (6 species incl. G.florida, G.radicans, G.thunbergia), 6.1897 (‘Gardenia sorts’), 7.1897, 9.1851, 10.1855 (G.florida)                                         

Gmelina hystrix syn G.philippensis Sprawling plant with thorny stems similar to Bougainvillea. Pendulous tight yellow flowers are the main attraction. South East Asia

Grewia occidentalis (lavender star flower) Beautiful star shaped mauve flowers on a moderately tall untidy shrub. Does shape with pruning and may be used as a hedging plant. Southern Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885

Hibiscus acetosella (bronze/burgundy foliage) A lovely but fairly short lived plant with deep bronze foliage and stems and unusual deep pink flowers. Easily struck from cutting. Not unlike Rosella. East Africa

Hibiscus insularis (phillip Island Hibiscus). Glossy green foliage on erect shrub. Flowers yellow with red throat. Phillip Island in the Norfolk Island group

Hibiscus mutabilis (Confederate Rose). Large Double white flowers and double pink bourne at the same time . Fully deciduous. Easy to strike from cutting. China 1.1875 (2 varieties), 9.1851, 10.1855 (2 var. incl double)

Hibiscus syriacus ( Rose of Sharon) Fully deciduous, in single mauve, double white, double red. Very hardy and long lived. Flowers will close if brought inside. Southern Asia-India to China 1.1875 (4 varieties), 1A.1885, 6.1897, 7.1897, 10.1855 (?H.indicum)

Hibiscus rosa sinensis var ‘Swan Lake’ standard (white), var. ‘lollipop’ (single pink). Reliable plants which respond best with pruning.Garden hybrid. Originally from China and South East Asia, then Pacific Islands.1.1875 (9 varieties), 1A.1885, 6.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851, 10.1855 (?H.sanguinea), 13.1900/1 refer www.hibiscus.org.au Queensland Hibiscus Society. The history of Hibiscus in Australia dates back to the early 1800s when the MacArthurs planted single red Hibiscus in NSW.

Hibiscus schizopetalum x rosa sinensis Very hardy single red flowering hibiscus which strikes easily from cutting. Garden hybrid- East Africa 1A.1885 (H.rosa-sinensis var.schizopetalus)

Holmskiolia sanguinea (chinese hat plant) Tall rangy shrub with tiny orange flowers. Poor flower frequency in our garden. Northern India 1A.1885

Holmskioldia x hybrid “blue mandarin” Beautiful pendulous mauve/pale blue flowers on this sparse shrub. Garden hybrid

Hydrangea macrophylla . Brittle deciduous shrubs with large flower heads of white or blue in our acidic soil. In alkaline conditions the same plants would have pink flowers. Strike easily from cutting.Japan 1.1875 (H.hortensis), 1A.1885 (4 species hortensis, japonica 3 var, Otasko, paniculata),  7.1897 (7 varieties), 9.1851 (H.japonica, H.hortensis), 10.1855 (H.japonica, H.hortensis)

Hydrangea dichroa versicolor  var.“Oriental evergreen” An evergreen Hydrangea which has quite tall growth and blue/white flower panicles. Strikes easily from cutting. China

Iochroma cyaneum Tall growing untidy shrub with remarkable blue/black tubular flowers. Strikes easily from cutting. Resents drying out. Contains toxic alkaloids, all parts poisonous as for Brugmansia spp. Ecuador 1.1875 (Jochroma 2 species), 1A.1885 (Iochroma tubulosa), 7.1897 (Jochroma tubulosa), 9.1851 (Jochroma tubulosa), 10.1855 (Iochroma tubulosa)

Iochroma warscewiczii Tall lax shrub which so far has been reluctant to produce it’s mauve flowers in our garden. South America

Iochroma coccinea x hybrid “wine red” An untidy lax shrub which has tubular flowers of crimson/ red in contrast to I. cyaneum. Garden hybrid

Indigophera decora (false indigo) Low growing creeping shrub which produces pretty pink flowers.China, Korea, Japan.7.1897 (I.decora), 10.1855 (I.australia)

Iresine lindenii (blood leaf) Beautiful red foliage accent under trees. Low brittle sub-shrub. Strikes from cutting. Ecuador ?syn. I.herbstii.1.1875, 1A.1885 , 13.1900/1

Iresine herbstii Green and yellow coloured foliage accent in shade or protected spot. Iresine easily struck from cutting. Brazil ?syn.I.lindenii 1.1875, 1A.1885 (var.reticulata), 13.1900/1

Jasminium sambac (arabian jasmine) Slow growing evergreen climbing shrub with support. Single white summer flowers of exquisite perfume. South Western and Southern Asia 10.1855 (J.zambac)

Jasminium sambac var.“Chinese Emperor”,var “Grand Duke of Tuscany” These varieties ?sports  of J.sambac have been very slow to establish and their small double flowers may be less attractive than the species itself. India , southern Asia

Jacobina, Justicia and Libonia are names sometimes used synonymously depending on the age of plant references used.

Justicia brandegeana syn. Bellerephone guttata (shrimp plant) Low growing lax shrub. We have yellow and bronze flower colour varieties. Remarkably tolerant of dry shade.reliable.Central and south America 1.1875 (9 species Justicia) 

Justicia carnea (both white and pink hybrids) Interesting tall “candles” of flower bracts on tough shrub. This low maintenance, self seeding plant introduces colour under trees in a warm climate garden. Central and South America 1.1875 (J.carnea, J.alba), 1A.1885 (Jacobinia magnifica), 7.1897, 9.1851, 10.1855 

Justicia betonica (White) This tough, self seeding tall plant has white flowers, with a touch of pink, not unlike Salvia but more upright. Tropical East Africa 1.1875, 7.1897 

Justicia rizzinii syn Libonia floribunda, Jacobinia pauciflora Lovely compact shrub in garden, evergreen with small tubular flowers of yellow/red. Brazil 

Kerria japonica flore pleno A tall arching shrub with apple green foliage and bright yellow double flowers in spring and summer.China 1.1875, 1A.1885, 1A.1885, 6.1897,7.1875, 9.1851, 10.1855

Lantana montevideiensis This low growing shrub has mauve flowers and healthy foliage which has a distinctive odour when crushed. This species has not proven to be as invasive as L. camara.South America. 1.1875 (6 spp including L.purpurea), 7.1897, 9.1851 (3 Lantana species), 10.1855 (3 Lantana species)

Lagerstroemia indica (crepe myrtle) pink and mauve unnamed varieties. A beautiful tall shrub or statuesque tree. Deciduous, the overall shape, bark and flowers are all very attractive. India, China, Korea 1A.1885,.9.1851

Lagerstroemia speciosa, (Queen crepe myrtle) This is a lovely tree rather than a shrub. The leaves and crimson/pink flowers are much larger L.indica.South East Asia, India,Phillipines. 1A.1885 (L.flos-reginea)

Leonotis leonurus Lax perennial which needs support . White flowers resembling Justicia or Plectranthus. South Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 10.1855 

Loropetalum chinensis (Standard white Fringe flower) and var. ‘China Pink’  Beautiful tough shrub for deep bronze new foliage. Requires pruning to maintain shape. Will tolerate sun or shade. Both foliage and flowers make this quite large shrub attractive. Japan and South East Asia.

Luculia 'Fragrant Cloud'. Tall shrub, intensely perfumed pink flower clusters

Malphigia coccigera (Barbados holly} Low growing shrub with holly like foliage and small pink flowers in summer. West indies 1.1875 (2 varieties),1A.1885 (2 speces incl M.coccifera).

Malvaviscus arboreus These are a lovely strong accent plant resembling hibiscus. The red or pink flowers remain folded closed and hang down. Central America 1.1875, 1A.1885 (M.arborens)

Medinella myriantha var. ‘Pixi’ Subtropical epiphytic shrub which needs moisture, drainage and shade/part shade. Dramatic tassals of pink flowers in summer. Phillipines. 1.1875 (M.speciosus),1A.1885 (M.exiuria), 13.1900/1 (M.magnifica)

Melastoma sanguinium Brittle shrub with form and habit reminiscent of Tibouchina spp. Single pink-mauve flowers in spring South East asia.1A.1885 (M.sanguinea)

Mellianthus major ( Honey bush) Perhaps out of it’s natural zone in a subtropical garden this plant is grown for it’s serrated and folded leaves, more than it’s red flowers. South Africa 1.1875, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Michelia champaca (Himalaya magnolia) Lovely open small tree with large leaves that may hang down. Yellow perfumed flowers in spring/summer.Foothills of the Himalayas 1.1875, 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Michelia doltsopa var “silver cloud” Tall growing Michelia with perfumed white flowers, late summer early winter. Quite a sparse shrub or small tree when young. China- Garden hybrid 1.1875 (M.doltsopa)

Michelia x hybrid “bubbles” (M.doltsopa x M.figo) Strong open pyramidal growth, delicious perfume on small rounded Magnolia like flowers early winter. Garden hybrid

Michelia x hybrid “Mixed up miss” (M.doltsopa x M.figo) Similar in flower and form to M. ‘bubbles’. Tall growing shrub or small tree 

Michelia pumila “coco” Strong rounded evergreen shrub. Yellow tinge to strongly perfumed flowers. This plant is sold quite commonly. As with most Michelias they seem quite easy to establish and low maintenance with minimal care in our elevated subtropical climate. China

Michelia yunnanensis Very open evergreen growth and small leaves, beautiful fragrant open star like flowers in summer. China

Michelia yunnanensis var. “Oriental Pearl” A tall, open, evergreen lax shrub with small foliage and small white perfumed flowers in summer. China garden hybrid 

Michelia figo (port wine magnolia) Commonly sold as an evergreen landscaping or hedging plant these can grow into a small tree. Dull yellow flowers tinged with pink are often hidden in the foliage. Intense sweet perfume from mature specimens as with other Michelias China   1A.1885 (Magnolia fuscata), 6.1897 (?Magnolia fuscata)

Michelia figo (“Queen of the night”). As with many varietal Michelias the features which make this hybrid distinct from the species are quite subtle, in this case an increase in size of leaves and flowers. China, garden hybrid.

Megakepasma erythrodamys (Brazilian red coat) Lax brittle tall shrub with red flower panicles. Quite dramatic form or flower colour in shade. Venezuela

Metrosideros tormentosa variegata .(New Zealand Christmas bush) Variegated variety of a common landscaping plant. These are very hardy. Pacific Islands 1.1875, 1A.1885 (M.scandens), 7.1897, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Odontonema strictum syn. Justicia coccinea (firespike) Tall perennial shrub with glossy foliage, red terminal flower spikes in summer, grows easily from cutting for a warm climate garden. Central America  

Osmanthus fragrans  Tall somewhat drab shrub, exquisite perfume from tiny white flowers hidden by the foliage. This perfume is the justification for growing this plant.China

Osmanthus heterophylla variegata. Holly like variegated foliage makes this shrub useful in the garden. Tiny fragrant flowers. Japan 1.1875 (O.ilicfolius variegatus),7.1897

Pachystacys lutea. Low growing shrub with golden flower spikes in summer. Tolerates shade and illuminates these areas of the garden as for Justicia carnea. Peru 

Pentas lanceolata Unnamed varieties in pink, white and crimson/red single flowers in heads, in summer on a lax, brittle low growing shrub. These tolerate dry shade and are easily struck from cutting. Tropical East Africa 1.1875 (P.carnea) 1A.1885 (P.carnea) 

Photinea glabra While Photinea may become a small tree it is often grown for hedging or as a pruned shrub to take advantage of the bright red new foliage. China, Korea, Japan 1.1875 (P.senata) ,1A.1885 (P.japonica, P. serrulata), 9.1851 (P.arbutifolia) 

Pieris ryukyuensis “temple bells” Lovely slow growing shrub. New foliage burgundy/red, Chains of small white bell like flowers in spring. Islands between Japan and Taiwan

Pieris japonica “Christmas Cheer” Chains of pink bell like flowers in spring. Garden hybrid. 

Philidelpus spp.  Our deciduous shrubs do not immediately resemble P. mexicanus but may be a hybrid of P. coronarius producing long canes with bright green foliage and white single, perfumed flowers in summer. Slow to establish. Widespread in temperate areas, many garden hybrids. 1.1875 (4 species), 1A.1885 (4 species coronarius, inodorus, mexicanus speciosus), 7.1897 94 spp), 9.1851 

Phormium tenax (red flax var. ‘Bronze Baby’) Architectural tall plant producing strap like leaves in a bronze/red colour. New Zealand 1.1875, 7.1897 

Phygelius x rectus (Cape Fuchsia) var. ‘Moonraker’ Mid size herbaceous shrub, pendulous yellow flowers South Africa 13.1900/1 

Plumbago auriculata , standard pale blue, white or mid-blue var. ‘Royal Cape’. Reliable sprawling landscaping or hedging plant, summer flowering. Will spread via root runners or cover low growing structures. Very drought and shade tolerant. South Africa 1.1875 (3 spp incl P. capensis), 1A.1885 (P.zeylandica var.capensis), 6.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851 (P.capensis)  

Plumeria rubra (Frangipani) The well known Frangipani is a small tree or large shrub, deciduous , with large leaves. The common variety has a white flower with yellow throat but many other colour varieties exist from red, pink through to apricot and ‘fruit salad’. Perfumed. Strikes from stem cuttings. Cental America, Mexico, Venezuela 1.1875 (P.acutifolia), 1A.1885 (P.acuminata ‘Franchipanier or Pagoda tree). 

Prunus persica ( unnamed variety dwarf ornamental Peach). Our prunus ornamental varieties may give reliable if short display of double pink flowers in spring. These benefit from disease control in our subtropical climate Garden hybrid 1A.1885,  7.1897

Punica granatum Var. ‘Flore pleno alba’, ‘Andre le Roi’ (red and double white ornamental pomegranate). Deciduous ornamental shrub to small tree with spring flowers followed by fruit West Asia 1.1875, 1A.1885,  7.1897, 9.1851

Pycnostachys urticifolia. Brittle,upright salvia like shrub with bright mid-blue flower panicles. Seed formation which follows has long sharp spikes. Easily raised from cutting, tolerates dry shaded position. South Africa

Radermachera sinica var ‘Summerscent’  Evergreen shrub with large scented flowers in summer. East Asia 

Rhaphiolepsis indica. (Indian hawthorne) a common often unspectacular landscaping plant. These are very hardy but do not seem to thrive in our cooler moist conditions. Japan and China 1.1875 (2 species), 1A.1885 (indica, ovata) 6.1897, 7.1897 (R.ovata)

Reinwardtia indica (yellow flax) Strong yellow single flowers and low upright habit. This is a cheerful and striking border plant. May self seed. Northern India and China 1A.1885 (Reinwardtia trigym)

Rhododendron ponticum This cool climate plant has prospered with protection on the cool side of our house. It has lovely mauve flowers in spring and similar cultural requirements to the azaleas (Rhododendron indica) growing around it. Spain-Portugal 1.1875, 1A.1885,  9.1851

Rondoletia leucophylla var. “sweet petite, Russian star” Bright pink single flowers on a low growing shrub which forms arching canes. Central America, garden hybrid 1A.1885 (3 species hirsuta, speciosa, versicolor)

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ceylon hill cherry) Lovely wooly foliage and pink single peach like flowers followed by purple berries or ‘cherries’. Very hardy and even shade tolerant once established. Southern asia 1.1875 (R.tomentosus) 

Ruellia graecizans  (red Christmas pride). Low growing shade tolerant  subshrub with red bell like flowers in summer. Self seeds easily. South America 

Ruellia macrantha .Tall upright shrub with large leaves and pink single bell shaped flowers Brazil 1.1875 (3 Ruellia species), 1A.1885 (formosa, herbstii), 9.1851 (R.formosa), 13.1900/1 (R.elegens, R.rosea) 

Ruscus microglossus (Butchers Broon) Low growing tough plant with modified shoots resembling leaves with the tiny flower carried at the centre Europe North Africa 1A.1885 (R.aculcatus) 

Russellia equisitiformis syn. R.juncea incl varieties ‘tangerine falls’ and ‘lemon falls’ fine foliage, evergreen clump forming shrub with tiny tubular flowers usually in red. The above named varieties have flowers in pastel shades 1A.1885 (R.juncea), 6.1897, 9.1851

Sambucus nigra (elderberry) Tall growing perennial or shrub with white flower panicles, followed by ‘elder berries’. Europe- North Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Solanum rantonnetii (standard and variegated variety “khloe”) An untidy low growing shrub with purple single ‘potato flowers’. When established these plants can be quite striking. Argentina Paraguay 13.1900/1

Spiraea bumada (S.albiflora x S.japonica) var. ‘Golden Glow’ Low growing shrub with golden yellow new foliage and pink flower heads Japan garden hybrid 

Spiraea bumada (S.albiflora x S.japonica) var. ‘pink Ice’ Foliage almost white with pale spots . Clusters of pink flower heads garden hybrid

Spiraea bumada  (S.albiflora x S.japonica) var. ‘Anthony Waterer”  A low growing plant with heads of pink flowers in spring. Garden hybrid

Spiraea cantoniensis  (double white may) A moderately tall arching shrub with a cloud of small double white flowers in spring. Will tolerate sun or shade and may be used as a landscaping or hedging plant. China Japan (syn. S.corymbolosa) 1.1875 (S.japonicum, S.corymbosa), 1A.1885 (4 species), 7.1897 (S.japonica, S.douglassi, S.prunifolia, S.reevsiana), 9.1851 (S.corymbosa, S.prunifolia)  

Streptosolen jamesonii (Marmelade bush, Orange Browallia) Lax evergreen with yellow flowers to yellow and orange South America.

Strobilanthes anisophyllus (Goldfussia) A mid sized shrub, evergreen with long thin leaves and mauve tubular bell flowers . May self seed. Tropical Asia 1.1875 (Goldfussia anisophyllus), 1A.1885, 7.1897 (G.anisophylla), 9.1851 (G.anisophylla), 10.1875 (G.anisophylla) 

Strobilanthes dyeriantha (Persian Shield) a low growing shrub with mauve and green pattern spear shaped leaves. Needs both shade and moisture tropical Asia 1.1875 

Tecomaria capensis aurea (Yellow cape honeysuckle) var.“Golden chimes” tough interesting plant may sucker invasively. Bright yellow flowers are very attractive. Species has orange flowers. South East Africa 1.1875 (Tecoma capensis), 1A.1885 (Tecoma capensis), 9.1851 (Tecoma capensis)

Tecomaria x hybrid “Hammers rose” Interesting dusty salmon pink flower colour. Tough invasive shrub needs pruning. South East Africa, garden hybrid

Tetradenia riparia syn. Iboza riparia  Tall brittle shrub with grey green foliage with a strong musky-camphorated scent when crushed. Clusters of small creamy white flowers Africa 

Thunbergia erecta (Kings mantle) Untidy, sprawling sub-shrub. Beautiful purple trumpet flowers with a yellow throat in spring/ early summer. Tropical Africa 1A.1885

Tibouchina lepidota var. “Alstonville”  Perhaps more of a small tree than a large shrub with quite brittle branches. Spectacular covering of single purple flowers in summer. Brazil, Australian garden hybrid.

Tibouchina mutabilis var. “Noeline”  Pink and white flowers bourne together on a large shrub or small tree. Flowers early summer. South America, Australian garden hybrid.

Vireya (Rhododendron vireya)       “Elegant bouquet”

                                                    “Krakatoa”  “Saxon Glow”

                                                    “sunny”   “Clare Rouse”

                                                    “Sweet Rosalie”

                                                    Very vermillion”

                                                    “Desert song”

                                                    “buttermilk”

Vireyas originate from South East Asia to New Guinea in elevated locations and many garden hybrids are produced. See Australian Rhododendron Society www.ausrhodo.asn.au 1.1875 (?Rhododendron javanicum), 9.1851 (R.javanicum)

Viburnum tinus (laurustinus) An unspectacular, almost dreary shrub with pannicles of small white flowers from time to time.Mediterranean 1.1875 (Viburnum tinus), 1A.1885, 7.1897, 9.1851 

Viburnum odoratissimum “emerald lustre” Tough upright large shrub glossy foliage, white flowers. This Viburnum responds well to pruning and may be a useful hedging plant. China 1.1875 (10 species Viburnum), 1A.1885 (V.odoratissimum), 7.1897

Wiegela florida Tall shrub or small tree, deciduous, covered in lovely pink flowers in early spring. May look untidy in autumn often holding dead leaves. Strikes easily from cutting. China Korea 7.1897 (W.amabilis, W.rosea, W.variegata), 9.1851 (W.rosea)

Wiegela florida var. ‘Eva Rathke’  crimson to red flowering Weigela, deciduous. China Korea garden hybrids

Weigela florida alba A white spring flowering Weigela . Deciduous. China                                                                        

As much as we have tried to collect and list old fashioned plants at “The Shambles” there are many plants which were very much in fashion for collectors and gardeners in the past which are not so well known now. Searls catalogue of 1901 listed 115 varieties of carnations, many cultivars an hybrids of Ericas and many types of Dracaena. 13.1900/1. Of all the plants which are listed in a profusion of varieties the Bouvardias seemed to have fallen out of popularity completely. Pearce Bros catalogue 1901 “Bouvardias are amongst the most popular dwarf flowering plants we possess at the present time…..” and they list 30 named varieties. Interestingly the names “Dazzler”, “Van houttii”, “Maidens Blush” used for Bouvardia in 1901 are now associated with a Camellia, Salvia and Rose variety (respectively), reflecting the dificulty in plant identification over time.

Some plant garden variety names appear quite reliably, and can be tracked over time in garden catalogues from the earlist days of Colonial Australia to the present. Roses such as the Tea rose ‘Safrano’ and the Sasanqua Camellia ‘Setsugekka’ are two varietal plants which, almost certainly, would look the same now as those bought from a nursery in the ninteenth century.

Eponymously named varieties of many annuals, perennials, vegetables and even popular plants for collectors such as Dahlias and pelargoniums may have the same name but may not be the same plant as in past inventories. Individuals and specialist plant societies  may have researched pedigrees for certain plant varieties and be a reliable source of identifying those which have persisted over time.

AUSTRALIAN  PLANTS (not described elsewhere) ‘The Shambles 2010.

Ajuga australis (Australian Bugle) Low growing ground cover plant, evergreen, shade tolerant.1A.1885

Archirhodomyrtus beckleri “fruity” (Edna Walling Rose myrtle) lovely delicate foliage like abelia, tiny rose/white flowers. Requires pruning to remain at shrub size. Eastern coastal Australia 

Austromyrtus inophloia “blushing beauty” Lovely burgundy new foliage compact shrub if pruned. Is tolerating a semi-shaded position. Eastern Australia

Austromyrtus dulcis (midyim)

1.1875, Hill lists 16 species of Banksia including B.dentata, B.ericifolia and B.spinulosa 1A.1885 B.integrifolia

Banksia ericafolia,hybrid spinulosa “Golden candles” Spectacular flowers. Tall shrub or small tree. Bird attracting. South East Coastal region 

Banksia ericafolia  var.“Honey Pot” dwarf  Banksia with all of the charming characteristics of B.ericifolia but in a much smaller plant.

Banksia integrifolia locally indigenous Banksia which may be maintained as a large shrub but may become a large tree in our conditions. East Coastal regions 1A.1885

1.1875, Hill lists 6 species and 3 varieties of Callistemon

Callistamon verminalis Although excessively shaded in our garden this bright red flowering bottlebrush has retained its vigour. Watercourses in NSW & Qld. 13.1900/1

Callistamon citrinus We attempt to maintain these at shrub size through pruning in order to enjoy the scented foliage. East coastal region 1A.1885 (C.lanceolatus)

Darwinia citrodora “lemon scented myrtle” This plant struggles to survive in our wet summer conditions when there is shade from competing plants. South West Australia

Dianella laevis (smooth flax lily) Clump forming Australian plant with small blue flowers followed by blue berries. Other Dianella species available Australia 1A.1885 (D.caerulea, ensifolia, laevis)

Dodonaea viscosa (hop bush) Very attractive, open small shrub with a small club shaped leaf .Eastern Australia 1A.1885 (D.triquetra).

Doryanthes excelsa (Gymea lily or spear lily), stiff evergreen leaves form large rosettes with a tall spear carrying a red flower NSW and Queensland 1.1875, 1A.1885

Eucalyptus spp. 1A.1885 (6 species incl. E.maculata, E.tereticornis, E.tessellaris from Queensland ), 13.1900/1

Grevillea ( G.formosa N.T. x G. ‘Honey gem’)var. “Golden Lyre” This spectacular plant has golden yellow flowers on branches which arch over then reflex upward to form the shape of a lyre. Queensland garden hybrid.

1.1875, Hill lists 29 species and 2 varieties of Grevillea including Grevillea alba. 10.1855 (Grevillea ‘scarlet’), 1A.1885 (banksii, hilliana, macrostylus, oleoides, robusta)

Grevillea banksii Very tough parent of several common hybrid Grevilleas. Tall shrub to small tree, red bird attracting flowers in spring.  Queensland coastal 13.1900/1

Grevillea  hybrids   

 “Caloundra Gem” (Tall mid pink) (G.banksii x G.’Coochin Hill’)

 “Moonlight” ( white/cream )  (G.banksii x G.whiteana)

 “Honey gem” ( great yellow flowering) (G.banksii x G.pteridifolia)

“Sandra gordon” (yellow) (G.pteridifolia x G.sessilis)

Grevillea Juniperina var. “molongolo” prostrate needle like foliage trailing over a wall, unusual caramel yellow fan shaped flowers.

Grevillea (G.venusta x G.glossadenia) var. “orange marmalade” An interesting shrub with ovate leaf and small orange flowers. Bred 1980s NSW

Graptophyllum ilicifolium,(Holly fuschia) this is a reliable large shrub with holly leaves and red flowers in spring. May form an interesting hedge, self seeds East coast Australia 1A.1885

Hardenbergia violacea scrambling or twining plant with mauve pea like flowers 1.1875 (3 species), 1A.1885 (H.monophylla), 7.1897

Lomandra longifolia “mat rush” Grass like clumps provide seed for birds and adds structural interest. Coastal zone

Macaranga tanarius Evergreen rainforest shrub to small tree which favours edges of rainforest of marginal disturbed sites. Large heart shaped leaves. 1A.1885

Mallotus claoxyloides,(Smell of the bush plant) extraordinarily slow to grow in our cool hilltop garden. Coastal forest margins

1.1875, hill lists 12 species of Melaleuca, 1A.1885 M.linarifolia

Melaleuca quinquernervia. (broad leafed paperbark)Common well known small tree with paper bark which is shed in sheets. Although endemic on watercourses ours has established in a free draining garden setting. Eastern Australia

Murraya panniculata (orange jessamine) Tough and well known common evergreen garden landscaping plant. Perfumed white flowers in summer. Northern Australia 1.1875 (M.crenulata), 1A.1885 (M.panniculata), 9.1851 (M.exotica? India), 13.1900/1

Orthosiphon stamineus (cats whisker), Evergreen erect shrub with white or mauve flower spikes with long, fine stamens. Very decorative.1.1875

Phyllanthus multiflorus Low growing plant with fern like foliage and interesting very small flowers along the thin stems. Grown for foliage or for hedging. Australia 1A.1885 (3 exotic spp and P.ferdinandi)

Randia fitzalani,(native gardenia, yellow mangosteen) Very slow to establish in our cool hill-top garden and probably with too much shade. Coastal north Queensland 1A.1885

In reference 4, Shelton &  McMahon 1892 refer to Eugenia smithii, syn.Acmena smithii syn. Syzygium or ‘lilly pilly’, 1A.1885 (E.grandis, E.myrtifolia or scrub Cherry, E.smithii, E.ventenatii), 13.1900/1

Syzygium (“Lilly-pillys) There are areas in our own garden where unidentified foundling Syzygium spp have grown to large size. These are decribed elsewhere in our section on trees.

Syzygium leuhmanii var. “weeping Gem” lovely small dissected leaves, weeping habit. Requires pruning to maintain habit and shrub size. eastern Australia

Syzygium  leuhmanii var. “Pink Cascade” Quite a spectacular form, foliage and beautiful  pink flowers. Needs to be pruned to retain shrub size. Garden hybrid

Syzygium australe  var. “Resilience” A hedging variety apparently hybridized to be resistant to foliage damage by psyllids. White flowers followed by red edible fruit garden hybrid

Waterhousia floribunda “weeping lillypilly” A beautiful large tree which needs a lot of restraint if intended for hedging or the garden. White flowers followed by greenish fruit 4.1892 (Eugenia ventenatii)

Westringia fruticosa syn. W.rosmariniformis,(Coastal rosemary) A common landscaping plant with many commercial varieties. Accepts pruning to form a low hedge. Coastal Eastern Australia 1.1875 (W.rosmarinifolius), 7.1897

Viola hederacea (native violet). Carpeting groundcover in shaded positions carrying mauve and white flowers throughout the year. Eastern Australia and Malaysia 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

 FRUIT TREES in “The Shambles’ 2010

Annona reticulata (custard apple) old survivor of the original farm garden, now lost under rainforest trees west of the house. Caribbean and central America 9.1851 (A.cherimola), 10.1855 (A.viscosa) 

Carica papaya (paw paw) . Sweet fruit with yellow flesh in summer. These do not favour our acid soil but several trees are established. Central and south America 1A.1885, 9.1851

Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) old survivor of the original garden near garage, produces impossibly sour fruit. West Indies? 7.1897 (under heading ‘oranges’ called Bahia)

Citrus reticulata (mandarine),”Emperor” Subject to pests and diseases. Too much shade in our garden prevents good fruiting. 1A.1885 (C.nobilis ),7.1897 (under heading ‘Oranges’ called Emperor Mandarin)

Diospiyros kaki  (persimmon) Deciduous, old cultivar with astringent fruit. Very attractive autumn foliage. 1.1875, 1A.1885 (5 species incl. D.kaki)

Eriobotya japonica (loquat) Healthy attractive tree. May be invasive.

Eugenia uniflora (Brazilian cherry) Edible astringent fruit but are principally ornamental and used for hedging. These plants resemble and are related to ‘lilly-pillys” 1A.1885, 4.1892 (Eugenia myrtifolia),4c.1892 (Eugenia myrtifolia), 7. 1897 (Eugenia myrtifolia),

Ficus carica (edible green fig) Popular domestic fruit tree, unfortunately our wet often shaded garden is not ideal. Deciduous 7.1897 (18 varieties)

Myrciaria cauliflora (Jaboticaba) Ornamental evergreen tree with sweet black fruit directly from trunk and branches. Brazil

Psidium littorale (guava). Principally an ornamental. 1.1875 (6 species), 1A 1885

1885 Brisbane plant catalogue inclued Persea gratissima (Avocada Pear)                          

                         THE TREES at ‘The Shambles’ in 2010.

Inventory includes specimens from Australia and around the world. The domestic gardener will of necessity be limited in the number and type of trees which can be collected. When looking at 19^th century references gardeners were particularly interested not just in ornament, but in timber, shade and food producing trees.

Acacia concurrens (Black Wattle) Large tree, which freely self seeds and invades open areas. Prone to borer damage and loose bark and consequently favoured by local Black Cockatoos. Lifespan 15- 50 years. Eastern Australia 4a.1892 

Acer palmatum .(Japanese maple unknown variety). This fully deciduous cool climate small tree has dramatic red autumn foliage. The dissected maple leaves and overall form making these a popular garden specimen. Alleged lifespan of sixty to seventy years China, Korea. 1A.1885 (6 other species Acer), 13.1900/1

Agathis robusta (Queensland Kauri), Related to the Araucarias, with course leathery leaves, one of the tallest Queensland trees. This plant requires careful placement but may become a statuesque landmark. Estimated lifespan 300-1000 years. North Eastern Australia 1.1875 (Dammara robusta), 1A.1885 (Agathis robusta & 4 other species) 5.1897, 7.1897, 13.1900/1

Alloxylon flammeum syn. Oreocallis wickhamii  (North Qld tree waratah) A spectacular small tree with bright red waratah like flowers.

Araucaria bidwillii (Bunya pine) A locally endemic tree which may reach landmark size. The leathery foliage is quite sharp and difficult to handle while cones may reach enormous size and weight before falling from this tree. This statuesque tree has been planted in parks and gardens around the world. Estimated lifespan 100->500 years. Eastern Queensland. 1.1875, 1A.1885, 4a.1892, 5.1897, 7.1897, 10.1855, 13.1900/1

1A.1885, Brisbane reference lists 5 Araucaria, bidwillii, cookii, cunninghamii, excelsa, rulei.

Araucaria cunninghamii (Hoop pine) A tall ‘pine’ locally endemic in south east Queensland. These may reach great size but cones are small and the foliage is softer in comparison to A. bidwillii.1.1875 (2 varieties), 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Araucaria  heterophylla  (Norfolk pine) An introduced and popular landscaping tree with a more symmetrical , conical growth habit compared to local Araucarias. Pacific Islands 1.1875 (A.excelsa), 1A.1885, 5.1897 (A.excelsa), 7.1897, 10.1855 (A.excelsa). 13.1900

Barklya syringifolia (Crown of gold tree) Beautiful small tree , with attractive new foliage and racemes of golden flowers. Slow growing, lifespan unknown. North Eastern Australia 1,1875, 1A.1885, 4a.1892, 4c,1892

Bauhinia blakeana (Orchid tree) Pink flowers, ovate folded leaves, semideciduous, self seeds, a common street tree in warm climates. Brittle in wind and prone to deformity through epicormic growth. Estimated lifespan, 50-70 years. China 1.1875, 13.1900/1

Brachychiton acerfolia syn. Sterculia acerfolia (Illawarra Flame tree). Tall spectacular tree with maple type leaves, loses foliage and has remarkable covering of red bell like flowers, followed by seed pods in late spring. North Eastern Australia 1.1875 (Sterculia acerfolia), 1A.1885, 4a.1892 (Sterculia accerfolia), 7.1897 (Brachychiton acerfolia), 9.1851 (Brachychiton flammea), 13.1900/1

Brachychiton discolor (lacebark). Tall attractive tree with ovate pointed leaves. Beautiful pink bell like flowers followed by seed pods in spring. Eastern Australia 1.1875 (Sterculia discolor), 1A.1885 (Sterculia discolor), 13.1900

Buckinghamia celsissima (Ivory curl tree) spectacular flowering season, covered in cream-white flowers, can be maintained to shrub size, attractive new foliage. North East Queensland 1A.1885 

Caesalpinia ferrea (leopard tree). Beautiful deciduous tree grown for its patterned bark, as a shade and street tree and a garden specimen. Yellow flowers in summer. South America 1.1875 (4 spp caesalpinia). 1A.1885 (6 species)

Cassia fistula (Golden shower tree) Untidy and forgettable tree when not in flower but spectacular yellow cascades of flowers make up for this in early summer. Lifespan up to 200years. Tropical Asia 1.1875, 1A.1885 ,9.1851 (C.auranta)

Cinnamomum camphor (Camphor laurel) This has self seeded into our hedge. Planted widely in the past as a spectacularly successful shade tree, these have serious weed potential in warm climates. Foliage has strong camphor content and odour. Lifespan estimated 500 years. China, Japan, Taiwan.1.1875 (Camphora officinalis), 1A.1885 (Cinamomum camphora), 4.1892 (Laurus camphora), 7.1897 (Laurus camphor),10.1855 (Laurus camphor), 13.1900/1

Colvillea racemosa Specimen tree, feathery, deciduous foliage, spectacular racemes of orange flowers in spring-summer. Madagascar 1.1875, 1A.1885

Cupressus torulosa (Bhutan cypress). A conifer with classical mature cone shape which was introduced into the garden after service as one of our Christmas trees.  Long lifespan. Asia 5.1897, 7.1897

Cupressus glabra “blue ice” beautiful icey blue foliage, “Limelight” lime greenish yellow foliage. Coloured accent trees in a collection of conifers. Long lifespan 7.1897 (Cupressus glabra)

Cupressus cashmeriana One of these beautiful weeping foliage, grey-blue cypress has great structural interest in a conifer garden or lawn specimen. Asia 1.1875, 5.1897, 7.1897

Castanospermum australe (Black bean) A large eastern Australian rain forest tree with orange flowers followed by large pods containing inedible ‘beans’. Once a popular street or large garden specimen. Life span >100 years. Eastern Australia 1.1875, 4c.1892, 7.1897, 13.1900/1

Delonix regia (Poinciana) A large shade tree, very popular for domestic gardens and street planting. Spectacular red/orange flowers in spring. Semi-deciduous in cooler areas. Madagascar and East Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885 (Poinciana regia), 4.1892

Erythrina indica (Coral tree) This deciduous and brittle tree produces red beak like flowers in summer. Can reach enormous size if not shaded or competing with other trees. Lifespan 50-100 years. Tropical Asia 1.1875 (3 spp Coral tree), 1A.1885 (7 species incl E.indica, E. cristagalli),  3.1883, 4b.1892, 10.1855 (4spp coral tree).

Eucalyptus species are only represented by 2 species in our garden but in the borrowed landscape there are Eucalyptus grandis (flooded gum), Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalypyptus propinqua and various Corymbias. Hill in 1875 lists 33 species of Eucalypt, most from Queensland.1A.1885 (6 species 3 from Queensland). 13.1900/1 

Euodia elleryana syn. Melicope elleryana Tall growing tree , pink flowers along the trunk and stems in summer. Bird attracting nectar.Australia 4b1892

Ficus species in 1885 Brisbane reference include F.aspera, bengalensis (Banyan), benjaminea, bennetii, carica, casearia, elastica (India rubber) , glomerata, laccifera, macrophylla (Moreton Bay) , nitida, pinkiana, parcellii, pleurocarpa, pumila, religiosa, roxburghii, sycamorus

Ficus benjamina (Small leaf fig) Large spreading tree with cascading branches to form an umbrella canopy. Long lifespan, popular landscaping tree for shade in parks and gardens. India and Southern China.1.1875 (24 species of Fig), 1A.1885, 4.1892, 4a.1892, 4b.1892

Gordonia axillaris syn. Franklinia axillaris. A spectacular and hardy tree, beautiful large white flowers with yellow stamens which may cover the ground underneath. Taiwan 1.1875

Gordonia yunnanense var. “silk screen” Similar habit and expectation to G axillaries , different leaf form, more erect form and larger white flowers. Yunnan, China

Grevillea baileyana White silky oak is a medium sized tree with large attractive leaves with brown underside. White flowers are less spectacular than the golden flowers of G.robusta .North East Australia

Grevillia robusta (Silky oak) Endemic large tree, popular with the timber industry and furniture makers. Spectacular display of golden flowers in spring. Evergreen but often quite dense leaf fall. Lifespn 50-100 years. Eastern Australia. 1.1875, 1A.1885, 4.1892, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Inga edulis (Ice cream bean tree). Tall broad leaf tree which produces white flowers then pods with an edible pulp. Self seeds prolifically . 7.1897, 9.1851 (I.capensis, I.pulcherrima)

Jacaranda mimosifolia Mauve flowers appear at the same time as the golden flowers of Silky Oak in our borrowed landscape. A popular shade and ornamental tree in domestic gardens and for street planting. Life span up to 150 years, Caribbean, South America.  New Farm Park, Brisbane’s Famous Jacarandas were planted in 1914 1A.1885

Juniperus chinensis “Kazule variegated” A large conifer with variegated needles in contrast to other conifers if grown together. Asia 5.1897, 7.1897 (J.chinensis)

Juniperus procumbens alba Prostrate form in rock garden related to conifer area. The technique of combining various forms of conifers together has popularized the use of prostrate forms. 7.1897

Juniperus squamata “Blue star” A compact conifer as a specimen shrub with grey-bluie foliage or to contrast with a collection of different conifers. Long lifespan Asia 1.1875 (J.squamata), 5.1897

Koelreuteria panniculata (“Golden rain tree) Attractive deciduous self seeding tree. Yellow flowers followed by attractive pink seed pods. This tree has been used as a street planting but has significant weed potential. Lifespan  50-60 years. China to Korea 1.1875, 1A.1885,  10.1855 

Laurus nobilis (Sweet Bay tree). Slow growing broad leaved evergreen tree well known for both the ‘Victors wreath of Laurel’ and as a culinary leaf. A very hardy tree. Mediterranean.1A.1885,  7.1897, 10.1855 

Liquidamber styraciflora  Fully deciduous, large specimen tree with maple like leaves and rich autumn colour. Lifespan 200-300 years. USA 1A.1885 (L.styrachiflua)

Ligustrum lucidum (small leaf Privet) We acquired this plant in our old  hedge with the house. Self seeds, suckers, and needs regular suppression. This hedging plant was used widely and is already at large as a significant weed throughout the whole district. Associated with sinus irritation and asthma. Lifespan 30-40 years. China 1.1875, 5.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Ligustrum ovalifolium (large leaf privet)  hedge plant.Not only does it self seeds, suckers and infests garden beds. An invasive plant introduced as hedging, now choking local waterways. Glyphosate sensitive. Lifespan 30-40 years. Japan 1.1875, 5.1897, 7.1897, 9.1851 (L.japonica, L.vulgare), 13.1900/1

Macadamia integrifolia Large tree, free flowering and produces edible nuts in a hard kernel. These are used as one of the few commercial cropping plants native to Australia. Lifespan greater than 100years.

One of our large old trees is host to the epiphytic umbrella tree Schleffera, another is host to the strangler fig Ficus watkinsiana and many epiphytic ferns. 1.1875 (M.vesticellata, M.ternifolia), 1A.1885 (Macadamia ternifolia), 4.1892 (Maroochy nut), 4a.1892. Old shade tree references may refer to the edible M.ternifolia syn. M integrifolia)

Magnolia grandiflora var. “little Gem” Erect small tree with large glossy leaves and white, perfumed Magnolia flower in spring and summer. The claim for ‘Little Gem’ variety is that it will not grow to the enormous size that M.grandiflora can reach. Lifespan 150-200 years. Carolina 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897, 9.1851, 13.1900/1 

Morus nigra (mulberry) Well known fruiting mulberry tree, quite hardy, South West Asia 1.1875 (M.nigra, M.alba), 1A.1885 (nigra, alba), 4.1892, 7.1897

Neolitsia dealbata (White Bollygum). Tree with drooping leaves native to moist forests north-Eastern Australia. Small fragrant brown flowers in autumn 1A.1885 (Litsia dealbata)

Pittosporum rhombifolium A large tree producing orange berries. Seems to be deciduous in our cooler weather. Lifespan 50-100 years. 4.1892 (P.undulatum), 4c.1892

Pouteria australis syn. Planchonella australis (Black apple) Medium sized tree with black edible fruit to native animals. Lifespan >100years. Eastern Australia

Prunus cerasifera “nigra” (flowering plum) Black plum distinguished by burgundy/red foliage and tiny pale pink single flowers in spring. Fully deciduous. Lifespan abot 20 years China

Stenocarpus sinuatus (Firewheel tree)  A tall tree with spectacular orange red flowers. May be pruned to shrub height in a garden situation.Eastern Australia 1A.1885

Schefflera actinophylla (Umbrella tree) Tall epiphytic tree, once very common in domestic gardens. Bird attracting tall red flowers spikes. Northern Australia

Schotia brachypetala (Drunken parrot tree) Medium sized evergreen tree. Nectar rich flowers are very attractive to lorikeets.  South Africa 1.1875, 1A.1885 (2 pecies) 7.1897 (S.latifolia), 9.1851 (S.tamarindifolia).

Syzygium (unidentified) various familiar names as

                                                    “Blue lillypilly” S.oleosum

                                                    “pink flowering”

                                                    “Small leaf lillypilly” S.leuhmannii

                                                    “Weeping lillypilly” Waterhousia

Syzygium: 4a.1892 (Eugenia smithii), 4.1892 (Eugenia ventenata)

Taxodium distichum (Swamp cypress) Beautiful, potentially dominant tree, deciduous and very attractive. Lifespan long, up to 1000 years. USA 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897

Toona ciliata syn. Toona  australis (Red cedar) Deciduous locally endemic tree with attractive red spring foliage. Popular but almost cut out by the timber cutters of the late 19^th century. Long lifespan. Eastern Australia 1.1875 (Cedrella australis), 1A.1885 (Cedrela toona). 3.1883, 4a.1892 (Cedrela toona), 4c.1892 (Cedrella australis)

Tabebuia chrysotrica Fully deciduous. Spectacular yellow trumpet flowers, in spring, followed by a prolific amount of shed seed and the appearance of the foliage Tropical America

Thuja occidentalis (Hertz midget) Slow growing small conifer for rock gardens or a conifer collection. North America, garden variety 1.1875 (5 varieties), 7.1897

Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) Thought extinct, this rediscovered conifer from NSW has been widely sold to enthusiastic gardeners as a ‘living fossil’. An ancient lineage closer to the Araucarias. Lifespan unknown but suggests long duration once established. Australia

Xanthstemon chrysanthus (Golden penda) lovely yellow flowers on a medium to large evergreen tree. North Eastern Queensland. 1.1875, 1A.1885

Trees in the landscape, because of their long lifespan and imposing size are often used to commemorate events, people and a connection to the garden and called memorial trees.

In our local area a memorial avenue of six Ficus benjamina was planted on a Queensland Arbor day in 1923 to commemorate six local men who died in world war one.

Michael commissioned an historian and put forward a proposal for a Montville memorial precinct of locally significant historic sites including the village green and these trees in 2006. A ‘Heritage listing’ under the Queensland Heritage act was granted in 2008.

A copy of the 1923 Arbor day report and our sketch vegetation map of the memorial precinct prepared for the Montville Village Association is included in this booklet.

In the 1908 guide to the Melbourne Botanic gardens Memorial tees are listed on several pages e.g. Araucaria bidwillii (Hooker),”Bunya Bunya Pine” Order Coniferae, Queensland. Planted by Lady Bowen and Commodore Goodenough, June 1875 on Princes Lawn K/6.

At ‘Coochin Coochin’ homestead near Boonah trees planted by famous guests and visitors such as HRH Queen Elizabeth the Queen mother and actors Noel Coward and Vivian Leigh are identified with plaques including the date of planting.

Included in our booklet are examples where we have experimented with recording our own plant inventory diagrammatically.

This form of plan or map can be of great value to record the layout and contents of a garden as a snapshot in time.

All gardens go through a process of decay and renewal. Inventories, plans and maps not only record the garden for the owner’s interest but can be of great value to future gardeners, horticulturists and garden historians.

Trees being of great age and size, whether marked, memorialized or not are the likely long term survivors in a neglected garden. There is often an oral tradition around significant trees and some can be verified, such as the Montville Memorial Avenue of weeping fig trees, Ficus benjamina         

                     MORE EDIBLE PLANTS.

In addition to our small range of Fruit trees and our Macadamia integrifolia we grow seasonal vegetables such as lettuce, silver beet, spinach, pumpkin, zucchini, squash and tomato in season. Various herbs are mentioned elsewhere below.

We have also

Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)

Lycopersicon lycopersicum (cherry tomato) 1A.1885

Phaseolus lunatus (madagascar bean)

Sechium edule (Choko)

Manihot esculenta (Casava)

Monstera deliciosa

Capsicum frutescens (shrubby capsicum) 1A.1885

                                                    ZAMIA

Lepidozamia peroffskyana (shining burrawang) Deathly slow to establish in our own north west rain forest area.

PALM TREES ‘The Shambles” 2010

Archontophoenix alexandriae (Alexandria palm) A tall iconic garden palm in warm climate gardens. Often seen grouped in front of the traditional Queensland house. Eastern Australia, Rockingham Bay. 1.1875 (Ptychosperma alexandriae), 1A.1885 (Archontophoenix alexandrae), 5.1897, 13.1900/1

Archontophoenix cunninghamii (bangalow palm) Together with A. alexandriae there are examples singly and in groups throughout the western side of our garden, related to areas of rainforest trees with good ornamental effect. Eastern Australia,  Cape York. 1A.1885 (Archontophoenix cunninghamii), 5.1897 (Ptychosperma cunninghamii), 13.1900/1

Chamaedorea elegans (parlour palm) A foundling discarded, like many potted plants, which found a home in our garden. 1.1875 (C.eliator), 13.1900/1

Licuala grandis (Fan Palm). Relatively low growing attractive palm with fan like leaves. New Britain. 1A.1885

Livistona australis (cabbage palm) Tall Australian fan palm with distinctive form. Often a landmark of old gardens. Australia 1.1875 (8 species Livistona), 1A.1885, 5.1897, 7.1897 (L.humilis)

Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm) Another orphan discarded when still a potted plant and put to use in our garden. 1A.1885

 unidentified Palmetto

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND SELF SEEDING ANNUALS

Alyssum “carpet of snow” “Snow crystals” 1A.1885

Browallia speciosa (Sapphire flower) 1A.1885 (B.elata)

Antirrhinum (mixed Snapdragons) “Camelot”

Cornflower  13.1900/1

Cosmos, Cosmos sulpheus

Chrysanthemum paludosum “Snowland”

Dianthus “Persian carpet”, “Strawberry parfait”

Lobelia “Lightning blue”, “string of pearls” 13.1900/1

Nemesia “Honey mist”

Nicotineana sylvestris 1A.1885

Nigella “love in the Mist” 13.1900/1

Petunias “Cascade mixed” Bonanza” “Lullaby”

Pansys “Super swiss giants”, Giant butterfly” 13.1900/1

Primula malacoides “lollipops” 13.1900/1

Salvia “strata” “Victoria white”

Verbena  1.1875, 7.1897 “Peruvian red”, “deep purple”

PERENNIALS

A large range of Salvias and Salvia like perennials are mentioned elsewhere above. Plants of this class are familiar through history.

Acalypha hispida (chenille plant) Low growing perennial with red tassal flowers.

Achillea millefollium (yarrow) White and some much less vigorous yellow/red hybrids on dainty foliage low growing plant. Winter dormant. Asia Minor, garden hybrids.1.1875, 1A.1885 

Angelonia (Grannies bonnet). Low growing short lived perennial, mauve flower spikes in summer Tropical America 1.1875, 1A.1885, 9.1851

Aphelandra squarrosa. (zebra plant). Low growing plant with strongly patterned striped leaves. Central erect flower spike mauve rather than usual yellow. Tropical Americas

Argyranthemum frutescens (marguerite daisy) single white or pink flowers in summer. Short lived perennial, need to be replaced with new cuttings every couple of years especially after our very wet weather.Canary Islands

Artemesia ponticum  (Roman wormwood). There are approximately 200 species of Wormwoods and a number of these grey foliage plants in our garden. Will become greener if in part shade and resent prolonged wet weather in our area. Pungent odour to foliage, Wormwood is used in the manufacture of Absinthe China 1A.1885 (Southern wood and Wormwood).

Begonia semperflorens (bedding begonia) These tough little plants are often available as border, lamdscaping plants with flowers colours in white, pink and red. East Asia, garden hybrids.1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Brassica oleracea Ornamental Kale is a wonderful edging plant which will actually behave like a perennial. Colourful rosettes of ruffled cabbage like crowns on a woody stem

Catharanthus roseus (Vinca or periwinkle) A well known low growing garden plant often with single pink flowers. Does not survive our very wet episodes. Favours a hot dry location. Madagascar 1.1875, 10.1855 (Vinca rosea), 13.1900/1

Centrantherum punctatum  (blue porcupine flower).low growing ground cover plant. Blue thistle like flowers. Resents drying out needs shade. Malaysia 1.1875 (Centranthera hispida?)

Chrysanthemum maximum syn. Leucanthemum (Shasta daisy). Low growing perennial daisy with single white flowers with yellow centre in summer. Clumps are easily divided and propagated. Pyrenees. 10.1855 (C.sinensis)

Chrysanthemum parthenium (Feverfew daisy) Low growing plant finely dissected leaves. Self seeds. Appears to be winter or dry weather dormant, summer flowering Asia Minor.1A.1885 

Chrysanthemum x hybridum (Florist Chrysanthemum) We have acquired unnamed garden varieties in white, cream, pink, mauve and orange/red as garden discards or spent mothers day (May), specimens. They will naturalize and flower each year in a warm climate garden. 1A.1885 (C.sinense),7.1897 (‘garden hybrids’), 13.1900/1 (156 varieties).

Cleome hasslerana  (spider flower) Self seeding annual plant volunteer with pink or white flowers. Spiny stems need to be removed when plant is spent. Dead heading prolongs flowering. South America 1.1875 (C.aculeata ?) 

Dahlia x hybrid  We have acquired Dahlia tubers from various sources (see above section Bulbs, Rhizomes, Tubers)

Dianthus chinensis Low clump forming plant with grey-green foliage and single pink flowers. We have a number of unnamed and named garden varieties which form an attractive low border plant. Resents our prolonged wet weather. Other Dianthus species include the ‘garden pinks’, Sweet William, Carnation and Clove pinks.  Northern China Garden hybrids 1.1875 (8 Dianthus species), 2.1875 (D.plumarius), 7.1897 (‘Dianthus of sorts’), 10.1855 (4 species), 13.1900/1 

Erysimum bicolor (Mediterranean wallflower). Shade and moisture tolerant low growing evergreen. Mauve and cream flowers on a tall terminal stem above the plant. Strikes from cutting. Canary Islands 10.1855 

Evolvulus pilosus var ‘Blue eyes’  A beautiful clear blue single flower on low growing ground cover and landscaping plant. These will survive drought and restore with watering. South America, garden variety 1.1875 (E.alsinoides?), 1A.1885

Erigeron mucronatus (seaside daisy or fleabane), E. “lavender blush”, Wonderful tough ground cover daisy with fern like foliage and white or mauve daisy flowers. Mexico 1A.1885  

Foeniculum vulgare syn. F.officinalis Fennel, including Bronze fennel. Tough perennial herb with feathery foliage and a pleasant aniseed scent. 1A.1885

Gazania x hybrids Tough reliable sun lovers which may form a low groundcover in open well drained positions. Spring and Summer flowering South Africa.1A.1885 (G.splendens), 7.1897, 13.1900/1

Gaura lindamanii (butterfly flower) reliable drought tolerant, self seeding. White butterfly flowers on long stem. 13.1900/1

Gamolepis chrysanthemoides syn. Euryops pectinatus (yellow paris daisy) A very hardy yellow flowering daisy shrub, self seeds, transplants and gives reliable drought tolerant display. Spring-summer flowering Africa.

Gloxinia sylvatica 'Jingles', upright perennial , orange trumpet shaped flowers in winter. 

Heliotrope arborense (Cherry Pie) Beautiful purple and mauve forms attractive low herbaceous shrub. Wonderful vanilla fragrance and flowers make it worthwhile. Peru 1A.1885 (5 varieties),7.1897 (H.peruvianum), 10.1855 (H.peruvianum), 13.1900/1

Helichrysum italiacum syn. H.augustifolium  “curry plant” Excellent grey accent plant, low growing with strong curry scent to foliage. Favours well drained sunny position. 1A.1885 (H.augustifolium)

Hypericum androesamum Beautiful low growing open shrub with bright yellow single flowers in Summer. Hypericum spp include St.John’s Wort. Europe, Asia, North Africa.1.1875, 1A.1885 (4 species), 7.1897 

Hypoestes aristata (ribbon bush) see Salvia like perennials above. 

Impatiens walleriana (busy Lizzy or balsam)  Reliably pretty, tender plant which self seeds in shady positions where there is adequate moistues. Single flowers of crimson, pink and white may occur. Many garden hybrids including “New Guinea” impatiens are sold. East India, 1.1875, 1A.1885 (I.balsamica) 10.1855

Jasminium mesnyi (primrose or yellow Jasmine). Arching evergreen hardy shrub which may grow as a specimen or be used for hedging. China 1A.1885  ?Gelsemium 

Lathyrus odoratus  (sweet pea)Seeds planted each year from mid-march to late april produce this well known climbing pea with magnificent scented flowers. There are many garden hybrid including old fashioned varieties available from local supermarkets through to specialist suppliers such as “Diggers Club” in Victoria Eastern Mediterranean.1.1875, 10.1855, 13.1900/1

Lavandula stoechus (French and italian lavenders ) The stoechus varieties of this well known aromatic herb survive our humid climate when English and other types fail. An evergreen with mauve-purple flowers in summer. Mediterranean 1.1875 (L.stoechas), 1A.1885 (stoechas, vera), 2.1875, 13.1900/1

Linaria vulgaris (Yellow toadflax) ground covering perennial plant with tiny snap dragon like flowers of butter yellow Europe 1A.1885, 13.1900/1

Mentha spicata (mint) A low growing sweet aromatic herb which favours semi-shaded moist but not wet conditions. May be invasive in some positions. 1.1875 (9 species of Mentha), 1A.1885 (satureioides Brisbane pennyroyal, piperita, viridis).

1885 Brisbane inventory includes Origanum majorana, Thymus vulgaris, Melissa officinalis, Marrubium (horehound) herbs 

Mirabilis jalapa (marvel of peru/ 4 o’clock plant) A soft stemmed perennial plant with a large underground storage organ. Beautiful flowers in pink, mauve through to orange or red open in the afternoon. Summer flowering.  South America.

Nepeta faasennii (cat mint) A low growing , creeping herb with flowers of blue to white. Favours moist but not wet sunny position.

Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum suave. Sweet Basil and bush basil. Strongly aromatic culinary herb plant. Bush basil more camphorated. Thai basil with finer leaves and darker stems.

Orthosiphon stamineus syn. O.aristatus (cats whiskers}Tough summer flowering perennial with spikes of flowers in summer of mauve or white Australia and Pacific Islands.

Osteospermum ecklonis (African daisy) These white, mauve and sometimes purple daisies with dark blue centre are a reliable low spreading plant. Will only hold flowers open in full sun , loves the hottest position. Easily grown from cutting.South Africa

Pelargonium spp, P.peltatum (Garden raised hybrids of ‘Scented’, ‘Regal’ or ‘Zonal’ Geraniums) A very popular low growing or trailing garden plant with a wide range of flower colours and forms. Buds may form throughout the year. Easily struck from cuttings for use in the garden or in pots. These plants have been collected by enthusiasts since Colonial times contact The Geranium and Pelargonium Society of Queensland for detail at geraniums@netfirms.com 1.1875 (11 species, 4 var. ‘Ivy’ type, 2 var. ‘Oak Leaf’ type, 6 var. ‘5 lobed’ type, 46 var.’ Zonal’ type pelargonium), 1A.1885 (fragrans, graveolens, inquinans, peltatum, zonale, 18 Garden varieties) 7.1897 (many varieties), 10.1855 (22 varieties), 13.1900/1 (hundreds of varieties)

Penstemon x hybrida var. ‘Alice Hindley’ Tall, pink white bell like flowers on well loved traditional perennial. May be struck from cutting garden hybrid. 1A.1885 (P.gentianoides 5 varieties)

Physostegia virginiana (obedient plant, Gallipoli heath) Low growing erect plant, dormant in winter or dry weather. Flower spike in pink or white during summer. Self seeding North America.

Plectranthus amboinensis (Cuban Oregano) Low growing glaucous spreading ground cover plant with grey-green foliage and blue flowers spikes. Favours sunny well drained position. South and east Africa. 

Primula malacoides (candle stick primula). short lived annual which is a reliable primula in a subtropical climate.

Polygonum capitum  (Japanese knotweed) Mat forming groundcover plant which may be used to soften path edges. Small pink flowers. 1.1875 (15 species)

Portulaca grandiflora Low growing colourful succulent ground cover with garden hybrid varieties carrying flowers of many different colours. world wide garden hybrid. 1.1875 (7 species), 1A.1885, 10.1855

Rosmarinus officionalis (rosemary) A beautiful and hardy aromatic or culinary herb in both pink and mauve flowering forms. Relatively unhappy in our very wet weather Mediterranean 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897,

Saxifraga stolonifera (Mother of thousands, Aaron's beard). Low growing perennial, best in a pot.  

Scutellaria ventenatii low growing scrambling  perennial plant, crimson flowers North America 1.1875, 1A.1885 

Sedum acre, mat forming succulent ground cover with lime green leaves and tiny yellow flowers. China 1.1875, 7.1897, 13.1900/1

Solidago virgaurea (Golden Rod) low growing summer flowering perennial with bright yellow flowers Middle East-Europe

Stokesia laevis (Stoke's Aster) blue flowering aster, in summer. Perennial

Streptocarpus caulescens (nodding violet) low growing perennial in the ground or in pots. Attractive mauve flowers held above the plant Africa.7.1897, 10.1855, 13.1900/1

Symphytum x uplandicum (comfrey) A low clump forming herbaceous perennial with pendulous white or blue flowers. Primarily of medicinal interest this is also an attractive garden plant Eastern Europe.1A.1885 (S.asperrimum) 

Tagetes patula Dwarf french Marigold. Annual self seeding donor plant 1A.1885 

Trachelospermum x hybrid syn Rhynchospermum (variegated ground cover) A common low growing landscaping plant , grown primarily for it’s hardy nature and attractive variegated foliage

Tropeolum majus (nasturtium) a trailing annual or short lived perennial plant with large edible leaves and brightly coloured flowers in the yellow-orange-red range. A very popular and useful plant in moist protected locations Peru 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897,10.1855

Verbena peruviana hybrid “Homestead Purple” Hardy trailing ground cover with attractive purple flowers, and an ideal underplanting for roses. Garden hybrid discovered Georgia USA. 1.1875 (5 species , 18 garden var.), 1A.1885 (4 spp and 11 garden varieties), 10.1855 

Veronica spicata low growing herabeous perennial or shrub. Mauve-purple flower spikes in summer Europe 1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897 (12 species Veronica), 13.1900/1

Of all the garden plants described in this document short lived perennials and annuals may contain plant varietal names which do not describe the same plant when comparing catalogues from different centuries. Plants which have been collected and hybridised extensively such as types of annual (known these days as potted colour), Florist Chrysanthemum, Dahlias, Dianthus and sweet Peas may not resemble their genetic hybridising parents. Therefore another limitation of this study may be that one can clearly demonstrate the availability of Florist Chrysanthemums to ninteenth century Queensland gardeners but only a gardener with specialist interest in this plant may be be able to reliably point out the varieties available at that time which are grown with the same name in recent catalogues. 

VINES at “The Shambles” 2010

Allamanda cathartica hybrid “Winter Velvet”. A trailing  or climbing plant with crimson through to red flowers in winter, becoming paler in summer. Garden hybrid, originally from tropical Americas.1.1875 (8 species Allamanda), 6.1897, 9.1851, 13.1900/1

Asarina barclaiana syn. Maurandya barclaiana A slender twining and self seeding plant . Mauve flowers freely bourne in summer. Can ‘volunteer’ throughout the garden, requiring some control. Mexico.1.1875 (Maurandya barclayana), 1A.1885 (M.barclayana) 7.1897, 10.1855 

Chonemorpha fragrans (climbing frangipani) Deciduous thick stemmed climber, or trailing plant. Single cream-white flowers resembling ‘frangipani’ in summer.India-Malaya 

Clematis integrifoliaxcrispa hybrid ‘Daniel Deronda’ (purple, 1882), ‘Andromeda’ (pink , 1987) deciduous climbers with large open single flowers, usually a cool climate plant but on trial here. Garden hybrid

Clerodendron speciosissimum ( mauve bleeding heart vine) relative of C.thompsonii but less invasive. Tall growing shrub or climbing plant South Africa.

Clitorea ternata (butterfly pea) Evergreen climber with royal blue flower in summer Tropical Asia.1.1875, 1A.1885, 9.1851

Ficus stipulacca syn F.pumila  (creeping fig) 1A.1885, 10,1855

Hedera hibernica ? helix (Irish ?English Ivy). Evergreen clinging climber or ground cover grown for foliage form. May be invasive if allowed to spread outside area of use. Western Europe.1A.1885 (3 varieties),7.1897 (H.helix), 10.1855 (H.helix) 

Hoya compacta (Indian Rope). Hoya with reflexing and folding glaucous leaves. Asia 10.1855

Hoya carnosa A twining climber with glaucous leaves and pendulous flower clusters of interesting dusky colours including pink. Resents overwatering or disturbance of growing shoots. Australia, India, China,Pacific. 1A.1885 (5 species), 7.1897, 13.1900/1

Ipomea horsfalliae (cardinal creeper) Deciduous vine with brilliant carmine red flower clusters. A twiner which may need support.West Indies.1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897 

Jasminium in 1885 Brisbane catalogue incl 7 species. J.grandiflorum, hirsutum, nudiflorum,officinale, revolutum, sambac and simplicifolia.

Jasminium nitidum (windmill Jasmine) A low shrub or twining climber with shiny foliage and star shapred flowers in spring summer.7.1897

Jasminium polyanthum (Chinese jasmine) Vigorous twining and climbing plant with intensely fragrant white flowers  in clusters in spring. An evergreen which may be used to cover a structure or fence China.7.1897 (J.grandiflorum?, J.gracilis), 9.1851 

Jasminum sambac , J. sambac hybrid “Grand Duke of Tuscany” Beautiful fragrance from single flowers on woody climber or low shrub. The hybrid ‘Grand Duke’ has double flowers that do not open completely. South and south west Asia.1A.1885, 7.1897 (J.zambac), 9.1851 

Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) well known annual climber with perfumed pea flowers of many garden varietal colours Southern Europe, garden Varieties 1A.1885 

Lonicera japonica (honeysuckle) A strong climber and a traditional garden favourite. Lovely fragrance from cream-white flowers in spring-summer. May be invasive if escapes it’s location. China.1.1875 (9 species lonicera), 1A.1885 ( 5 species incl L.caprifolium, L.japonica), 7.1897, 10.1855 

Lonicera x heckrottii (red honeysuckle) A garden hybrid honeysuckle with larger flowers containg crimson-red. 

Pandorea jasminoides A climbing plant with strong evergreen foliage and pink flowers. Other flower colour hybrids are available. 1.1875 (?Bignonia jasminoides, 7 Bignonia spp), 1A.1885 (4 bignonia species and Tecoma jasminoides) 

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) Beautiful deciduous cover clinging vine , typically used on walls and structures for lush green summer foliage turning red in autumn. North America

Petrea volubis. A woody climber with sandpapery leaves, and dramatic blue single flowers in spring. Central America.1.1875, 1A.1885, 9.1851

Podraea rosea syn. Bignonia rosea (rosea vine) deciduous woody climber. Pink trumpet shaped flowers bourne in summer. Will spread by suckers. Africa.1.1875 (7 Bignonia species) 

Phaseolus caracalla syn. Vigna caracalla  (snail creeper) A vigorous tendril climber with attractive mauve helical flowers giving the plant it’s name. Americas 1.1875, 1A.1885

Phaseolus giganteus Fast growing snail creeper. Larger flowers than P.caracalla which may be fragrant. South America

Philodendron oxycardium A clinging plant with fleshy stems and large heart shaped leaves. Grown indoors in southern climates it forms an attractive tree climber in warm climate gardens. Tropical Americas, West Indies.

Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Brazilian beauty) Attractive evergreen climber, beautiful mauve trumpet flowers in summer. Foliage has strong garlic scent. May invade via suckering. South America.1A.1885 (Adenocalymma nitidum?)

Quisqualis indica (Rangoon creeper) deciduous woody twiner with red and white flower panicles in summer and a magnificent sweet perfume. This may invade by suckering if unchecked. Tropical Asia 1A.1885, 9.1851. 

Senecio macroglossus variegatus (variegated ivy) Twiner with variegated Ivy like foliage and yellow daisy flowers. A member of asteracea and not an ivy Tropical Americas 1A.1885 (7 species), 10.1855 (2 species)

Solanum jasminoides (Potato Creeper) A strong evergreen climber with small white star shaped flowers in summer. South America 1.1875 (35 species of Solanum shrubs and climbers), 1A.1885 (12 species), 9.1851

Solanum seaforthianum (blue potato creeper, Brazilian Nightshade) An evergreen climber similar to S.jasminoides beautiful blue flowers, followed by poisonous red berries. self seeds and is invasive. Brazil

Solanum wendlandii ( Giant potato creeper), Blue potato creeper) Deciduous thorny woody twiner with beautiful blue flowers in early summer. South America.

Stephanotis floribunda ( Bridal Creeper) Strong semi-deciduous twiner with beautiful fragrant white bells and very large inedible pods. Madagascar. 1A.1885, 7.1897, 9.1851

Tecomanthe dendrophylla  commercial label indicates T.hillii (Fraser Island creeper) Climber with support. Spectacular pendulous crimson –pink flower clusters. Twining tips resent handling and will die back. Australia.1A.1885 (Tecoma hillii)

Thunbergia alata. (Black eyed Susan) A small leafed twiner with orange-yellow flowers with a black throat. Eastern Africa.1.1875 (7 species of Thunbergia ), 1A.1885

Thunbergia mysorensis (Slipper Vine), An hardy climber with pendulous orange slipper shaped flowers. India

Trachelospermum jasminoides syn. Rhynchospermum jasminoides (Chinese star jasmine) Tough climber with milky latex if cut. Very fragrant star shaped flowers in spring. An old fashioned favourite China.1.1875, 1A.1885, 7.1897

Wisteria sinensis Very strong growing deciduous woody climber that may be invasive and requires it’s own structure or standardization. We have the mauve flowering Wisteria. Other wisteria species and garden hybrids are available. China 1A.1885 (Wistaria chinensis, also var.alba)

GRASSES a few at “The Shambles” 2010

Described in early Queensland references and still well known 2.1883

Cynodon dactylon (Couch grass)

Paspalum distichum (P.dilatatum) Paspalum grass

Stenotaphrum americanum (S.secundatum) Buffolo grass

Trifolium repens (Dutch or white clover)

WEEDS ,a small selection of,  2010

Araujia sericifera (White moth vine) South America

Asparagus aethiopicus (Asparagus fern) 1A.1885, 13.1900/1 South Africa.

Bidens pilosa (Cobblers pegs) 1A.1885 Tropical America

Desmodium unicinatum (silver leaf desmodium) South America

Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) South America, Galapagos

Hypochaeris radicata (flat weed, sometimes known as ‘dandelion’)

Lantana camara 1.1875, 1A.1885 South America

Ochna atropurpurea 1A.1885 South Africa

Oxalis corniculata (creeping Oxalis) 13.1900/1 Europe

Ricinus communis (Castor oil plant) 1A.1885

Solanum mauritianum (Wild tobacco) South America

Tradescantia albiflora (Wandering Jew) South America

Trifolium repens (White Clover) Europe

Privet species and Camphor Laurel are mentioned elsewhere. In our garden donor plants such as Salvia coccinea and Ruellia spp may be regarded by others as weeds but we enjoy their fecundity.

Some calvinistic Australian ‘indigenous plant only’ enthusiasts may regard this entire catalogue as one of weeds.

It is probably realistic to rely on the traditional definition of a weed as a plant which is growing “where it is not wanted”. This of course begs the questions: if not wanted, why? Where? and by whom?

If simply being from outside this continent makes a plant a weed then not only are all introduced ornamentals suspect but we must also condemn barley, wheat, rye, oats, millet, sorghum, rice, corn, sunflowers, canola, soy beans, cotton, sugar cane, pineapples, bananas, all citrus fruits (except finger lime), mangos, paw paw, avocado, all commercial vegetables, all pulses, passion fruit, kiwi fruit, hops, grapes and just about all means of sustaining life in Australia. That clearly is not feasible or sensible given that our population is overwhemingly urbanised and reliant on exotic food and fibre plant production and transport.

Ipso facto the enormous catalogue of exotic ornamental plant species which our colonial forebears rapidly introduced, and which is hinted at in the foregoing, is an integral part of our urban and rural gardenscape and landscape. Just like the enormous catalogue of productive plants these exotic ornamentals mostly out perform indigenous species in the domestic role in which they are used and should be enjoyed, just like wheat bread, or wine, without any guilt.

On that breathless note, our inventory continues INTO OUR COLLECTION OF OLD FASHIONED ROSES.

ROSES collected to 2010, INVENTORY AND DESCRIPTION

Many of our roses are “Old Fashioned” types, teas and China roses which have come back into collecting fashion since the 1980s and which are the best for our climate.

We refer to “Tea roses, Old Roses for  Warm Gardens”, Lynne Chapman, Noelene Drage, Di Durston, Jenny Jones, Hillary Merrifield and Billy West, Rosenberg publishing, Dural NSW, 2008

“Old Fashioned Roses in a Subtropical Climate”, Leonie Kearney and Barbara Wickes, Aust 2006

“Journal of Heritage Roses in Australia” Quarterly Journal, HRIA, Australia.

Of interest, perhaps reflecting the changing fashion in rose varieties the Catalogue of the Brisbane botanic Gardens, by Walter Hill, 1875 1.1875, included 20 species roses including Rosa laevigata, R. banksia alba, R.banksia lutea, and 3 varieties of R. multiflora. Of garden varieties there were 80 hybrid perpetuals, 8 Bourbon perpetuals, 4 noisettes and 11 tea roses. The Tea roses included Alba rosea, Belle de Bordeaux, Devoniensis, Clmg Devoniensis, Gloire de Dijon, Lady Stuart, Mme J Halpen, Mme Levett, Mme Villermo, Souvenir d’un Ami and Safrano

In the following Queensland list 10 years later there are many more tea roses mentioned.

1A.1885 R.banksiae, R.indica (common monthly rose), R laevigata, R.multiflora,280 garden varieties including Tea roses,Alba rosea, Aline Sisley, Anna Oliver, Belle lyonaise, Belle de Bordeaux, Bougere, Catherine Mermet, Celine Noiret, Chestnut hybrid, Devoniensis, Duc de Magenta, Gloire de Dijon, Homer, Madame Bravy, Madame de Vatry, Madame Falcot, Madame vilermoz, Marie Guillot, Marie Van Houtte, Nina, Niphetos, Pefection de Monplesir, Perle de Lyon, Rev.T.C.Cole, Safrano, Souvenir d’Elise, Souvenir de Mme Pernet, Tarquin. In “Cottage Gardening in Queensland” 5^th Ed, Henry Treloar, ‘Redruth Cottage’, Townsville, 1920 pp 68 the old roses mentioned are Nephetos, Kaiserine Augusta Victoria, Marie Van Houtte, Kent, Lady Brisbane, Edward Mawley, Star of Queensland, Professeur Ganiviat, Alexander Hill gray, Penelope, renee Marie de italie, francois Dubriel, Betty Berkley, Orleans, Madame de Watterville, and Alexandra

 Living Rose inventory, ‘The Shambles” 2010

PINK ROSES

DUCHESSE DE BRABANT syn COMTESSE DE LABARTHE (Tea,  DOUBLE REMONTANT all from cuttings) An excellent rose in South East Queensland. Disease free, flowers freely summer and winter, highly perfumed and tolerant of shade. Strikes easily from cutting. Very low maintenance. Bernede, France 1857                            

BLOOMFIELD ABUNDANCE  now known as SPRAY CECILE BRUNNER(RAMBLER,DOUBLE  REMONTANT from cuttings) A successful tall growing rose in that the button hole roses are best appreciated when first opening. Disease free and low maintenance. Thomas USA 1920

CLIMBING COMTESSE DE LABARTHE syn. CLIMBING DUCHESSE DE BRABANT (TEA, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cuttings)  As above,an excellent rose if given room and something to climb on. Low maintenance. Not for the Patio gardener! A Sport discovered Lismore, Lewis, NSW 1900..           

HERITAGE  (ENGLISH ROSE,DOUBLE  REMONTANT grafted)A beautiful flower and a reasonably sturdy shrub. Moderate disease resistance. Humid weather does cause some foliage disease. High Maintenance. Austin, UK, 1984

MME LAMBARD. (TEA,DOUBLE  REMONTANT from cuttings)     An excellent, tall sturdy and disease free rose. The mid-pink double flowers have a sturdier neck than Comptesse de Labarthe. Low maintenance. Lacharme, France, 1864

MME DE TARTAS  (TEA,DOUBLE, REMONTANT from cutting) A beautiful tea rose with all the qualities of disease resistance, low maintenance  Bernede, France,1859  This rose was lost in very wet weather in 2009 and replaced with a specimen, yet to be confirmed in identity.                            

FREIHERR VON MARSCHALL. (TEA,DOUBLE  REMONTANT from cutting) A reliable disease free rose with beautiful full pink blooms. Low maintenance.Lambert,Germany,1903

CLAIR MATIN  (HYBRID MUSK,SEMI-DOUBLE  REMONENT from cutting)Reliable tall growing shrub or climber. We have seen beautiful flowering . Seems to be a strong and low maintenance rose.   Meilland,France,1960            

G.NABONNAND syn. JEAN DUCHER (TEA, DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted) This is one of the choice soft pink double roses in the garden and one of our few grafted roses left. Delicious perfume, Tall, freely flowering and Low maintenance. Nabonnand, ,France, 1888

“HUNCHY ROSE’” Study name for a cutting grown tea or possible China rose growing in the area below Montville where we live. Smaller, crimson to red double flowers.

MME BERKELEY (TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) Strong reliable free flowering shrub. Flowers are smaller, at times, but beautiful. Very low  maintenance. Bernaix,France 1899                               

BABE  (POLYANTHA,SEMI-DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) Seems to be quite reliable. Not in a good spot and disease resistance moderate. Doesn't seem to flower as readily as tea and china roses. Moderate maintenance. Hazelwood, Australia, 1935

MRS B.R.CANT (TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT, grafted) strong but untidy looking bush. The flowers are full and a beautiful deep pink. Moderate disease resistance and requires some maintenance. Cant,UK, 1901 

MRS REYNOLDS-HOLE.(TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted)Long canes on a grafted bush and few flowers. High maintenance on the plant we have. Our weather and position may not favour this rose.Nabonnand,France, 1900                      

ANNA OLIVIER  (TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) Beautiful flower form and colour. We lost this rose but will always try to replace it. Ducher,France, 1872                      

PINK CASCADE  ( TEA,MODERN,SEMIDOUBLE, REMONTANT CUTTING)Seems robust, disease resistance and has beautiful short lasting deep pink single to semi-double flowers. Low maintenance. From Mapleton Hardware, Bred at a nursery on Mt Tambourine, parentage unknown,.looking very much like a China rose.

THE FAIRY  (POLYANTHA,DOUBLE REMONTANT transplant from old garden) Otherwise known here as “CARAMEL SWIRL” after a former pet mouse buried thereunder. Hardy, flowers freely but foliage is disease prone. Moderate maintence, low growing and thorny, needs frequent foliage care.  Bentall,UK,1932                                 

CORNELIA  (HYBRID MUSK, SEMI-DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) A lovely tall plant, free flowering and strong if well supported. Moderate disease resistance but rewarding. Pemberton,UK, 1925                

TRIOMPHE DU LUXEMBOURG  1 2007  ( CHINA ROSE, FROM CUTTING) Double pink flowers, needs support, a beautiful rose. Beautiful very double pink roses with long canes. Does have wine dark new foliage and stems.

OLD BLUSH CHINA   (CHINA,SINGLE REMONTANT from cutting) Tough and a little twiggy and unimpressive at times , but a reliable rose and very low maintenance. Flowers short lived and foliage sparse at times. Before 1750, China parent

LA MARNE  (NOISETTE, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) New in 2005 in our garden. Establishing well and seems to promise low maintenance. Flowers are small and quite beautiful small, double crimson colour.

MAMAN COCHET, (TEA, DOUBLE CREAM FLUSHED WITH PINK, cutting) Beautiful reliable garden rose Cochet France,1892                   

ROSA MULTIFLORA Pink, (SPECIES, SINGLE Spring flowering, all from cutting) We have a number of these very strong, low maintenance specimens about which are quite lovely in flowering season when very established. Easy to grow , smaller leaves can be disease prone. aLSO RED AND WHITE SINGLE MULTIFLORAS COMING ON.

ABRAHAM DERBY (ENGLISH ROSE, DOUBLE ,REMONTANT grafted) The best Austin rose we have. Abundant beautiful flowers on a very vigorous bush. Disease resistance moderate, high maintenance when considering foliage care and the need to remove large canes each year.  Austin,UK, 1985               

MRS E.V.MARSH ROR  (? Pink/Cream/double Tea  from cutting) this rose resembles Tea rose Mrs. Dudley Cross. Roses may have more yellow than pink in them at times.

BEAUTY OF GLENHURST (MODERN SINGLE, REMONTANT from cutting)Very vigorous, strong, repeat single flowers without perfume. Very attractive colour. Very rewarding and low maintenance. Morley, Australia, 1979              

ALBERTINE  (CLIMBER ,DOUBLE SPRING ONLY, grafted) Big thorny climber. One for the enthusiast really. Moderate disease resistance and high maintenance. Once a year the form and colour of buds and flowers are so lovely this rose is almost worthwhile. Barbier, France,1921 

UNCLE TOM study name PARADE? (MODERN SHRUB, REMONENT, from cutting) Established very strongly with no evidence of foliage disease. This may be a beautiful double pink climber Breeding of Parade is .Boener,USA,1953

PERL D’OR (REMONTANT,NOISETTE,DOUBLE,CUTTING),strong specimen, beautiful, reliable, low maintenance. This is an exquisite garden rose, especially in bud. Rambau, France 1875 

SUNNY SOUTH   (ALISTER CLARK,SEMI-DOUBLE REMONTANT, from cutting) Strong rose with good disease resistance and moderate maintenace. Flowers are nice but unspectacular and short lived. Clark Australia, 1918

YESTERDAY (POLYANTHA, SINGLE REMONTANT cutting)Long thorny canes make this a bit harder to accommodate. strong reliable, pretty single flowers in clusters. moderate maintenance in maintaining a shape.Harkness,UK,1974 

ELMSHORN (MODERN ,SEMI-DOUBLE  REMONTANT cutting)long thorny canes on a very vigorous plant with moderate disease resistance. very pretty flower clusters, no perfume. moderate maintenance. Kordes, Germany, 1951 

REGENSBERG (MODERN SHRUB, grafted. Arresting flowers relatively low growing bush. Moderate to high maintenance. McGredy, NZ,1979 

MARY ROSE (MODERN SHRUB, DAVID AUSTIN, grafted).A beautiful double pink rose but poor disease resistance in our humid climate Austin,UK, 1983. . 

BRIDGET MARY ROSE  (MODERN SHRUB, NEW SPORT OF “MARY ROSE” grafted and developed by Ron Treloar) Kindly from Ron Treloar, most establishing well at home, 1x Bridget Mary Rose and 2x Mary Rose going well at the Montville Uniting Church garden which we have established.

STANS LAIDLEY ROSE R.O.R. ( POLYANTHA FROM CUTTING) Low growing shrub with beautiful small double pink flowers in clusters.

BALLERINA (Multiflora hybrid, single, grafted). Low growing shrub,high maintenance and few flowers in our climate.  Bentall, UK, 1937

ALLY’S ROSE R.O.R. (MODERN SINGLE PINK, REMOMTANT, cutting) Low growing plant with single flowers resembling multiflora hybrid Buderim Qld , 200?

LE VESUVE (China rose from cutting, double pink) Establishing well in shady spot. Long thorny stems, beautiful well formed double crimson-pink flowers. Shade tolerant.

ZEPHIRINE DROUHIN, (DOUBLE CLIMBER, GRAFTED) Thornless canes on a very vigourous climbing rose with delightful double crimson flowers. Bizot France,1868 

PIERRE DE RONSARD (Double Climber, Grafted)

In 2009/2010 at least 12 COMTESSE DE LABARTHE have been raised from cutting and added to the garden along with cuttings grown, PRINCESS DE SAGAN and possibly! DR GRILL. 

MONSIEUR TILLIER  (TEA,DOUBLE  REMONTANT both grafted and from cuttings.)A lovely healthy rewarding rose, disease resistance moderate to good, low maintenance, interesting flower form and colour. Bernaix, France, 1891 

QUEEN ELIZABETH (Modern shrub, double , grafted)

CRIMSON/RED ROSES

BLACK BOY (ALISTER CLARK,SEMI-DOUBLE CLIMBER from cutting) Poor vigour and flower frequency in our wet climate. Clark, Australia, 1919 LOST 2010.

DAVID'S RED SINGLE R.O.R. ( CHINA, RED SINGLE )  single red rose given to us by David Curley from Heritage roses in Australia                 

LOUIS XIV  (DEEP RED TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) Frail, small ,but healthy  rose. Exquisite deep red/black blooms. moderate/low maintenance. Guillot, France 1859   

GLOIRE DES ROSOMANES (RAGGED ROBIN)  (SINGLE CRIMSON, REMONTANT from cutting)Vigorous low maintenance shrub with healthy foliage. very interesting flowers and colour.Vibert, France 1825 

CRAMOISI SUPERIEUR (CHINA,DOUBLE REMONTANT all from cutting) Healthy, low growing, sparse foliage and twiggy. very low maintence, lovely small double crimson flowers reliably through the season. Coquereau, France 1832 

COLONEL FABVIER (CHINA? SEMI-DOUBLE ,REMONTANT cutting). small, somewhat twiggy shrub, healthy, low maintenance. interesting small semi-double blooms with a central streak of white.                              

RESTLESS (ALISTER CLARK, DOUBLE RED,REMONTANT all from cuttings) Lovely healthy, low maintenance shrub, reliable double red blooms. Clark, Australia, 1938

RED CASCADE (MINIATURE, DOUBLE, from cutting), Beautiful clusters of perfect red miniature roses on a low scrambling or climbing bush.

RED PIERRE DE RONSARD (Double, climber, grafted)                          

BLOOMFIELD COURAGE ( RED RAMBLER,SINGLE SPRING all from cuttings) Once flowering and disease prone in a quite shaded position. moderate maintenance so far, spring flowers are attractive .Thomas, USA 1925

ROSA MULTIFLORA red (Species, Spring flowers, from cutting) A roadside specimen propagated and obtained through “Diggers club”.We expect a tall scrambling or climbing shrub.                

GENERAL GALLIENI   (TEA, DOUBLE REMONTANT both grafted and from cuttings) A lovely strong rose with low disease risk, low maintenance and very interesting polychrome red flowers.                                  

UNKNOWN RED No.1 (?MODERN SHRUB, healthy from cutting) Large double red flowers with lovely perfume. This rose survives without really thriving, resembles a modern shrub such as Mr Lincoln.

UNKNOWN RED No.2  (China or tea Rose, from cutting) Small tea rose like foliage, small double rich red flowers which knowing sources in our garden is either Restless, or Louis XIV.

PINK/CREAM COMPOUND COLOUR

ROSETTE DELIZY (TEA, DOUBLE  REMONTANT from cutting) A rose with fabulous health and very low maintenance. Interesting freely bourne double blooms in pink and cream. One of our best and easiest to grow Nabonnand, France, 1922                                

HUGO ROLLER  (TEA,DOUBLE  REMONTANT grafted) 2 strong grafted specimens from Penny McKinley at Pittsworth are establishing and flowering well. 

DR.GRILL which is said to be WILLIAM R. SMITH (TEA,DOUBLE   REMONTANT from cutting) very healthy, very low maintenance, flowers freely lovely cream/white double flowers with some perfume  Bagg, USA,1908                              

COMTESSE DU CAYLA ( TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) Healthy  shrub, abundant apricot/orange flowers, seems low maintenance. Guillot, France, 1902

MUTABILIS  (CHINA,SINGLE REMONENT 2 grafted, 1 from cutting) Very interesting rose of outstanding vigour, disease resistance and is low maintenance, but for the need to reduce overabundant growth. The single flowers of yellow/pink/apricot on the one shrub at the same time.    Before 1894, ?Chinese garden rose                          

MRS DUDLEY CROSS (TEA,DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted)A beautiful thornless grafted rose which struggles at times, moderate disease resistance and maintenance. Beautiful flowers make it worthwhile. Paul UK 1907

WILLIAM MORRIS (ENGLISH ROSE,DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted). A beautiful perhaps spectacular flower, but disease resistance is disappointing and maintenance is high in our humid area.  Austin, UK              

SOUVENIR DE MADAME LEONIE VIENNOT. (TEA DOUBLE CLIMBER from cutting) Vigorous seemingly healthy and low maintenance climber. Fabulous flowers.Bernaix, France, 1898

MARIE VAN HOUTTE 1, 2005 (TEA, DOUBLE, REMONTANT,cutting) Lovely strong rose, the very double tea roses have very weak stems. Ducher, France, 1871

APRICOT ROSES

SAFRANO (TEA, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cuttings) A reliable rose of tall strong growth. Low maintenance, beautiful if somewhat small flowers freely bourne.  One of our strongest and best performers. Beauregard, france, 1839                                 

ARETHUSA  (CHINA, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) low maintenance, beautiful flowers in bud and when developed on a shrub which resembles Perl D’Or .Paul, UK, 1903

CREPUSCULE  (NOISETTE,DOUBLE REMONTANT 1 grafted, 2 from cutting) An outstanding vigorous rose with moderate to good disease resistance and low maintenance. Very eye catching flower form and bright apricot colour in our garden.Dubreuil, France, 1904                         

BUFF BEAUTY  (MODERN, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) A robust rose with strong canes and exceptional flowers. Moderate disease resistance and higher maintenance due to management required to long canes and foliage disease. worthwhile. Bentall, UK, 1939  

"KAY'S APRICOT CHINA"  (CHINA ROSE, FROM CUTTING) from the garden of Kay Williams at Hunchy, raised by Kate Stock. This rose resembles PERL D'OR                    

ORANGE/YELLOW

WOBURN ABBEY (MODERN,DOUBLE  REMONTANT grafted) A lovely strong modern grafted rose with moderate disease resistance and apparently low maintenance. The orange flowers are in clusters. Sidey & Cobley, UK, 1962 Both specimens lasted several years but lost in wet weather 2011. Gone the way of all our grafted roses!

YELLOW ROSES

PEACE 1902 (double yellow, Tea , remontant), A beautiful vigorous double tea rose bred from cutting. Originally bred to commemorate the end of the Boer War. Piper, UK, 1902

ALEXANDER HILL GRAY  (TEA, REMONTANT DOUBLE,cutting) From Kate Stock at Hunchy

PERLE DES JARDINS (TEA, REMONTANT, DOUBLE cutting ) from Kate Stock at Hunchy

ETOILE DE LYON (TEA, REMONTANT, DOUBLE, cutting) from Kate Stock at Hunchy 

SOFTEE (SEMI DOUBLE, SMALL FLOWERING ?CLIMBER cutting) Beautiful pale yellow buds opening to cream flower clusters, twiggy growth prone to blackspot but vigorous with it. Moore USA 1983

MRS OAKLEY FISHER (SINGLE YELLOW, REMONTANT grafted) moderate maintenance. The flowers are a very special single yellow. Bought from Penny Mackinlay          

ISABELLA SPRUNT (TEA, DOUBLE  REMONTANT from cutting) Beautiful pale, lemon yellow colour double tea rose on a vigorous shrub. Sport of Safrano, USA 1855.

UNKNOWN YELLOW No 1. 3 examples (MODERN DOUBLE REMONTANT TRANSPLANTS AND CUTTINGS)Whatever these specimens are they have reliable disease free foliage and quite beautiful double yellow blooms with a form resembling a modern shrub. Disease free and low maintenance.                            

GRAHAM THOMAS (ENGLISH ROSE, DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted) Strong shrub moderate disease resistance and maintenance. Beautiful butter yellow double flowers.Austin, UK, 1983

CHAMELEON (modern low growing shrub rose, double) Moderate vigour and disease resistance with double yellow to orange flowers.

ROSA BANKSIAE LUTEA This rose was a present to Kyleigh and I from Kay and Earl Simpson and is one of the first planted in our garden

WHITE ROSES

PROSPERITY (HYBRID MUSK,DOUBLE REMONTANT all from cuttings) A vigorous and beautiful white rose but canes grow long and disease resistance is low to moderate so maintenance is an issue.  Pemberton UK, 1919                  

MOONLIGHT  (MODERN DOUBLE REMONTANT all from cuttings) Vigorous and disease free. Cuttings establish easily and seems to tolerate shade. Low maintenance, flower frequency only moderate.Pemberton UK 1913

COUSIN ESSIE   (MODERN AUST, DOUBLE REMONTANT cutting from Pittsworth) Vigorous and disease free. Low maintenance.                 

ROSA BANKSIAE ALBA ( DOUBLE WHITE BANKSIA ROSES , Spring only) .transplanted in 2011 but both specimens lost. These will be replaced.

ROSA MULTIFLORA White (Species, from cutting)

MME JOSEPH SCHWARTZ (TEA, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cuttings) A favourite roses, moderate vigour but low maintenance and repeat flowering with lovely perfume. locally known as the white Montville Rose.  Schwartz, France 1880                              

WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL (ENGLISH, DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted from Christina for fathers day) Vigorous but disease prone,flowers are beautiful and will be very rewarding when taller and more established. Transferred into a pot 2011. Austin, UK, 1988

AIMEE VIBERT (NOISETTE, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting) Establishing very easily, low disease and low maintenance, beautiful white flower clusters.Vibert, France, 1828

ROSA LAEVIGATA (SPECIES, SINGLE SPRING cuttings from Toowoomba) Tough and low disease, low maintenance.Because of its reputation as a handful has been moved to a remote spot where there are trees it may take over.

LAMARQUE  syn GLENGALLON ROSE (NOISETTE, DOUBLE, REPEAT cutting from Glengallon Homestead on their Open day). Vigourous free flowering, semi-double open white flowers. Mareschal, France, 1830

SALLY HOLMES (MODERN SHRUB, SINGLE WHITE, REMONTANT,grafted) Disappointly slow to demonstrate vigour, in spite of a good position. The single white flowers are beautiful  Holmes UK, 1976 lost in the wet summer 2011.

MME ALFRED CARRIERE (Noisette, semi-double, Climber, grafted) Although acquired with promise from the rose nursery at Kalbar this specimen demonstrates that this rose like to go straight up and is not keen on being bent over and tied to our pool fence.

EDNA WALLING RAMBLER (Rambler, semi double, cutting), transplanted as a healthy specimen but lost winter 2011. Clark, Australia 1940

MAUVE/ PURPLE

VEILCHENBLAU (RAMBLER, SINGLE SPRING 1 from graft(Perrots), 1 from cutting Maleny)Low to moderate disease resistance, good vigour, low maintenance, The semi-double purple flowers are well worth the wait.   Schmidt Germany, 1909                             

NARROW WATER (NOISETTE, DOUBLE  REMONTANT from cutting) Lovely mauve flower clusters, Good disease resistance and Low maintenance. Daisy Hill Nursery, Ireland, 1883

PROFESSEUR GANIVIAT syn. PRINCESSE DE SAGAN (TEA, DOUBLE REMONTANT from cutting)  A beautiful rose of outstanding vigour and beautiful flower form and colour. Very low maintenance high disease resistance. Very worthwhile. Perrier France 1890                     

“WARWICK ROSE” syn. ANNA DE DIESBACH or possibly LA REINE (HYBRID PERPETUAL ,DOUBLE,FROM CUTTING Leonie Kearney) lacharme,France, 1858

VIOLETTE (OLD FASHIONED RAMBLER, Spring flowering, cutting) darker with different stamens fading to a grey unlike VEILCHENBLAU on the next trellis. 

REINE DES VIOLETTES      Millet and Mallet France 1860

CALOUNDRA MAUVE ROSE R.O.R. Came to us as a tiny cutting from a very vigorous old garden rose in Caloundra. A gift from our painter Richard Breslin 2011.

STRIPED/ UNUSUAL

CANDY STRIPE (MODERN PINK STRIPE, DOUBLE REMONTANT grafted) A very eye catching flower on a quite reliable bush, moderate vigour and disease resistance. moderate maintenance. McCummings USA 1963

CAMILLE PISARRO (MODERN DELBARD, grafted) Interesting flower colour yellow, orange doubtful vigour vigour, high maintenance. Put back into a pot 2010 LOST 2011. Delbard,France

MAURICE UTRILLO (MODERN DELBARD, grafted),beautiful flowers, disease prone no matter what they say. Not a patch on “princesse de Sagan” standing next to it.Delbard France.

JULIAS ROSE, (MODERN SHRUB, DOUBLE COFFEA COLOURED BLOOMS, grafted), trialled in pot

HARRY WHEATCROFT (MODERN SHRUB, DOUBLE STRIPED YELLOW/ORANGE, grafted) trialled in pot.

Other unidentified roses not mentioned above

UNIDENTIFIED PINK No 1. Low growing shrub, small leaves with red margins. Very round pale pink buds in clusters open to beautiful double flower white in centre, mauve guard petals. Resembles HOMERE. (front embankment, then potted when overgrown, NOW SEVERAL SUCCESSFUL CUTTINGS SPECIMENS NEAR DRIVEWAY/GATEHOUSE)

UNIDENTIFIED PINK No. 2 Arching climber or shrub small pointed leaved, clusters of small untidy pink to apricot flowers in summer only so far. (front embankment)

UNIDENTIFIED PINK No 3. Low shrub, miniature rose I think. Tiny very double pink/mauve flowers. Moderate only disease resistance (IN FENCED ROSE GARDEN)

UNIDENTIFIED PINK No. 4. Beautiful Tea rose. Double pink from cutting. Near gatehouse.

UNIDENTIFIED PINK/CREAM No 1. Vigorous shrub. Yellow double flowers with pink guard petals are like ROZETE DELIZY but colours seem brighter and flowers smaller (North Rose Garden next to MRS REYNOLDS HOLE.

UNIDENTIFIED MAUVE PURPLE. Comes to us with little history, brought by Richard Breslin our painter as tiny cutting from a garden in Caloundra. Front garden near Galtonias and facing our west bedroom window.

UNIDENTIFIED CLIMBER tresses of double white flowers. On structure South rose garden. Shars a trellis with the rose we call TRIOMPHE DU LUXEMBOURG.